Cheatography
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Health - Endocrine System
This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.
Endocrine Basics
Endocrine glands/organs aren't physically connected |
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Functions |
Controls growth, metabolism, sexual activity, mental functions & emotions |
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Hormones |
Causes an action |
Endocrine gland → bloodstream → target organ/gland |
Acts as a lock & key on specific organs |
Glands
Endocrine Glands |
Exocrine Glands |
Ductless |
Has ducts connecting to another structure |
Hormones directly into bloodstream |
Hormones directly between structures |
Thyroid Gland
Makes T₃ & T₄ hormones |
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T₃ & T₄ (Thyronine) Hormones |
Controls metabolism |
Influences growth, liver, brain & heart function |
Makes O₂ more available in mitochondria → ATP increase |
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Calcitonin |
Reduces Ca⁺ levels in blood |
Parathyroid Gland
Regulates Ca⁺ levels in blood |
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Calcium Roles |
Strengthens bones |
Muscle contractions (Ca⁺ in & out) |
Neural communication |
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Parathyroid Hormone |
Increases Ca⁺ levels in blood |
Pancreas
Functions |
Endocrine: Regulates
glucose levels |
Exocrine: Digestive
related |
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GABI Of The Islet Of Langerhan |
Glucagon Alpha Beta Insulin |
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Glucagon |
Insulin |
Increases glucose levels |
Decreases glucose levels |
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Glucose-Increasing Methods |
Glycogen release |
Gluconeogenesis: Muscle turned into sugar |
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Hypothalamus
Control centre for homeostasis & pituitary gland |
Releases 2 hormone types for negative feedback |
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Releasing Hormones |
Release-Inhibiting Hormones |
For low hormone levels |
For high hormone levels |
Stimulates hormone release |
Stops hormone release |
Negative Feedback
Hormone Levels... |
Too High |
Too Low |
1. Releasing hormones (hypothalamus) |
1. Release-inhibiting hormones (hypothalamus) |
2. Stimulating hormones (pituitary gland) |
2. Inhibiting hormones (pituitary gland) |
3. Hormones made |
3. Hormone production stopped |
Pineal Gland
Controls sleep-wake cycle |
Releases melatonin |
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Melatonin |
Induces sleepiness |
Calcitonin Vs Parathyroid Hormone
Calcitonin |
Parathyroid Hormone |
Stimulates Ca⁺ excretion from intestines |
Stimulates Ca⁺ absorption from intestines |
Stimulates Ca⁺ storage in bones |
Stimulates Ca⁺ removal from bones into blood |
Stimulates Ca⁺ excretion from blood to urine via kidneys |
Stimulates Ca⁺ reabsorption in kidneys |
Gonads
Hormone-secreting organs/glands of reproductive system |
Includes testes & ovaries |
Releases sex hormones |
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Posterior (Back) Pituitary Gland
Antidieuretic Hormone (ADH) |
Stimulates water reabsorption in kidneys |
Results in less water urinated |
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Oxytocin |
Causes uterine contractions and breast milk release |
Stimulates love & attachment |
Anterior (Front) Pituitary Gland
Prolactin |
Stimulates breast milk production |
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Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) |
Stimulates adrenal cortex to release cortisol |
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Gonadotropins (FSH, LH) |
Stimulates sperm & ova production |
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Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) |
Stimulates thyroid glands to release thyroid hormones |
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Growth Hormone |
Stimulates muscle, bone & skin growth |
Adrenal Gland
Cortisol |
Deals with chronic stress |
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Aldosterone |
Stimulates salt reabsorption |
Increases Na⁺ levels in blood |
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Sex Hormones (Oestrogen, Testosterone) |
Stimulates secondary sex characteristics |
Overridden by gonadotropins |
Blood Glucose Measurement
Clinical Indications |
Diabetes screening |
Checking blood glucose levels (BGL) |
Assessing treatment effectiveness in clients with diabetes |
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Normal BGL Range |
3.5-8 mmol/L |
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Hyperglycaemia |
Hypoglycaemia |
Abnormally high BGL |
Abnormally low BGL |
BGL above 8 mmol/L |
BGL below 3.5 mmol/L |
Treatment: Insulin |
Treatment: Sugar (fluid or gel) |
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