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Science 10: Unit III : Nervous System Cheat Sheet (DRAFT) by

for academic purposes

This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.

NERVOUS SYSTEM

- network of nerves that connect the spinal cord and the brain to the rest of the body and allow a stimul­us-­res­ponse reaction to occur among different organs
nerves - begins at the brain and connect to different organs1 - serves as a control system that dictates all voluntary and involu­ntary actions performed by the body2

illust­ration of the nervous system

NEURONS

- carry out the main functions of the nervous system
- fundam­ental units of the nervous system
- translate external stimuli into electrical signals transm­itted into the brain where the delivered inform­ation is interp­reted

illust­ration of neurons

NEURONS : 3 sections

1 : cell body / soma - the main part of the neuron where the nucleus is located1 - translates DNA inform­ation that is transp­orted to the dendrites and the axon2
2 : axon - thick branch that trails behind the soma1 - surrounded by the myelin sheath [ a protective covering & lets electrical impulses travel more quickly along the unmyel­inated axon2
axon terminal - at the end of the axon ; allows commun­ication among various neurons
action potential - electrical impulses is transm­itted through this process
3 : dendrites - smaller branch­-like extensions attached to the ends of the soma1 - process electrical impulses before transm­itting them to the axon through action potential2 - gather the signals picked up by sensory neurons in the body
excitatory - fires up neurons
inhibitory - represses the neurons' tendency to fire up

NEURONS : 3 classi­fic­ations

1 : sensory neurons - react to both external & internal stimuli1 - pick up inform­ation from outside the body and deliver it to the central nervous system2 - allows sight, hearing, smell, taste & touch3
2 : intern­eurons - translate the inform­ation between sensory neurons & motor neurons within the spinal cord
3 : motor neurons - pick up inform­ation from the central nervous system & transmit them through nerves in the rest of the body

TRANSM­ISSION OF INFORM­ATION IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

TRANSM­ISSION OF INFORM­ATION IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

- the nervous system recognizes a stimulus from external & internal enviro­nment
- receptors in sense organs pick up inform­ation from the stimulus and transmits them to afferent neurons

TRANSM­ISSION OF INFORM­ATION IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

- the nervous system recognizes a stimulus from external &
 

TRANSM­ISSION OF INFORM­ATION IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

- the nervous system recognizes a stimulus from external &