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French Cheat Sheet Cheat Sheet (DRAFT) by

This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.

Articles

Article
Female
Male
Plural
the
la
le
les
a
une
un
des
le and la change to l' when used in front of a word starting with a vowel and most words starting with h

Une, un and des change to de when used in negative sentences

Pronouns

who
qui
whom
que
which
lequel
whose
dont
this
ce
that
ça
this
ceci
the one
celle, celui

Personal Pronouns

Pronoun
Singular
Plural
I
je/moi
nous
you
tu/te/toi
vous
he/it
il
ils/eux
she/it
elle
elles
me
me/moi
nous
him/it
le
les/eux
her/it
la
to him/her/it
lui
leur
oneself
soi
self
même
mêmes
e changes to j' in front of vowels and most h and the word y, same with me and te.
on can be used to mean we, someone, you, they, one or people in general

Tenses

Time Frame
French Tense
How to Build
What happens, is happening, or does happen
Present indica­tiv­e/p­résent de l’indi­catif
add endings
What just happened
Near past/passé récent
Present venir + de + infinitive
What is going to happen
Near future­/futur proche
Present aller + infinitive
What happened precisely and completely
Passé composé
Present avoir/être + past participle
What was happening or used to happen or just was a certain way
Imperf­ect­/Im­parfait
imperfect endings
What had happened
Pluper­fec­t/p­lus­-qu­e-p­arfait
Imparfait avoir/être + past participle
What will happen
Simple future­/futur simple
add endings
What will have happened
Future perfec­t/futur antérieur
Simple future avoir/être + past participle
 

Possessive Adjectives

Article
Female
Male
Plural
my
ma
mon
mes
your (tu)
ta
ton
tes
his/he­r/its
sa
son
ses
our
notre
notre
nos
your (votre)
votre
votre
vos
their
leur
leur
leurs
Use mon, ton, son with feminine singular nouns in front of vowels and h

Phrases

he's/she's
C'est une/un
They are
C'est sont des
not
ne... pas
never
ne... jamais

Prepos­itions

in
en
against
contre
into
dans
since
dupuis
behind
derrière
in front of
devant
until
jusque
by/per
par
except
sauf
under
sous
on
sur
towards
vers

Declar­ative Sentences

Subject
Predicate
Direct Object
Indirect Object
Sandrine
a montré
le chemin
à ses amis
Subject
Predicate
Indirect Object
Direct Object
Elle
a montré
à ses amis
le chemin
If the objects are replaced with pronouns, the object pronouns come before the verb

Whether the direct object or the indirect object comes first depends on the pronoun
  

Possessive Pronouns

Pronoun
Female
Male
mine
la mienne
le mien
yours
la tienne
le tien
his/hers
la sienne
le sien
ours
la nôtre
le nôtre
yours
la vôtre
le vôtre
theirs
la leur
le leur
and s to the end of pronouns for plural form and use les instead le, la

en is used in phrases with de to avoid repeating the same word
y is used in phrases with a to avoid repeating the same word

Plural Nouns

Singular
Plural
eau
x
eu
x
ou
s
al
aux
ail
aux
s/x/z
nothing added
some ou will add x
In general, all others take s

Subjun­ctive

je
e
tu
es
il
e
nous
ions
vous
iez
ils
ent
The subjun­​ctive mood is used to express desires, doubts, the unknown, the abstract, and emotions, which is the opposite of the indicative mood which is used to express actions, events, and states that are believed to be true and concrete.