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Reproduction Cheat Sheet (DRAFT) by

Reproduction,Male and Female Reproductive system

This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.

Terms

The older ones called Parents
The newly formed are called Progeny
Process by which living things produce more of their own kind is called reprod­uction
Asexual reprod­uction requires only one parent
Sexual reprod­uction requires two parents
Human beings are unisexual or dioecious or hetero­phr­odite
Male reprod­uctive system generates and delivers sperm to the female reprod­uctive system
Female Reprod­uctive system produces and prepares eggs for fertil­ization and provide support for fetal develo­pment during pregnancy

Male Reprod­uctive system

consists of internal and external genitalia
Internal genitalia includ­es,the paired gonads­(organs that produce sex cells),the testes­(si­ngu­lar­,te­sti­s)where sperms are produced and accessory structures that store the sperm,­produce secretions that activate and nourish them
The penis and scrotum are the external genitalia
The scrotum maintains the testes at around 34 centigrade slightly lower than the body temper­ature 37 centigrade
The testis is composed of lobule­s,which contain tightly coiled semini­ferous tubule­s,which make up most of each testis.
The Sertolli cells in the tubules respon­sible for the production of sperm
Process of sperm production is called sperma­tog­enesis
The epididymis and rete testis are connected by a network of tubes known as the efferent ducts
Testis produce sperm and sex hormones
Epididymis sites of maturation and some storage of sperm
Vasa deferentia conduct and store sperm
Seminal vesicles add fluid to semen
Prostate gland add fluid to semen
Urethra conducts sperm(and urine)
Bulbou­rethral glands add fluid to semen
Testicular cancer is the most common type of cancer in young men between the ages of 15 and 34 but it has high cure rate with early treatment
Penis male external genitalia and copulatory organ
Scrotum male external genitalia and protects the testes and keeps them at a temper­ature several degrees below the normal body temper­ature
3 sets of accessory glands (the seminal vesicles, prostate gland and bulbou­rethral glands)
A pair of seminal vesicles contri­butes about 60% of total volume of semen
The prostate gland is the largest of semen producing glands
The bulbou­rethral glands are a pair of small glands along the urethra below the prostate
Each ejacul­ation of human male averages between 2 and 5 ml.Nor­mally it contains 200 to 300 million sperms.
The main hormones involved in the male reprod­uctive system are testos­ter­one­,FS­H,L­H,i­nhibin and GnRH

Female Reprod­uctive system

Comprises 4 main parts:the ovaries, oviduc­ts,­uterus & vagina
Each female ovary potent­ially contains 200,000 follicles
The cells of follicles produce sex hormone called estrogen
Oviduc­ts(­Fal­lopian tube or uterine tube),­carry eggs from the ovary to the uterus,are each around 10cm long
The uterine wall is composed of 3 layers­,en­dom­etrium, myometrium & Perime­trium
Ovarie­s,p­roduce egg and sex hormones
Oviduc­ts,­Conduct egg; location of fertil­ization
Uterus­,Houses developing embryo & fetus
Vagina, receives sperm & serve as birth canal

The ovarian & Uterine cycle

One egg is released from an ovary once about every 28 days
Under regulation of FSH and LH
Follicular phase(Days 1 -13)
Ovulation Day 14
Luteal phase Days 15-28
The Uterine cycle, Menstr­uation Days 1-5,Pr­oli­fer­ative phase Days 6-13, Secretory phase Days 15-28
Menstural cycle last around 28 days
Menstural cycle regulated by 4 hormones FSH,LH, estrogen & proges­terone

Sexually transm­itted Diseases

Gonorrhea, Syphilis & AIDS
Gonorr­hea­,caused by bacter­ium­"­Nei­sseria gonorr­hoeae
Syphil­is,­caused by bacterium Treponema palladum
AIDS,C­aused by HIV which attacks helper T cells,a type of lymphocyte