formulas
v = u + at |
s = ut + 1/2at2 |
v2=u2+2as |
Slope of x–t → velocity |
Slope of v–t → acceleration |
Area under v–t → displacement |
F = ma |
p = mv (momentum) |
J = F⋅t (impulse) |
f = μN |
W = Fscosθ |
U = mgh |
K = 1/2 mv2 |
P = W/t (power) |
τ = rFsinθ (torque) |
K= 1/2 Iω2 |
v=rω (relation) |
ω = dθ/dt |
F = G⋅M⋅m/r2 |
g = GM/R2 (acc. due to g) |
U = −G⋅M⋅m/r |
Stress = F/A |
Strain = ΔL/L |
Y = Stress/Strain (young's modulus) |
P = F/A (pressure) |
P = ρgh |
F = ρgV |
A1v1 = A2v2 (continuity) |
P + 1/2ρv2 + ρgh = constant (bernoulli) |
Q = mcΔT |
ΔQ = ΔU+W |
W = PΔV |
PV = nRT |
x = Asin(ωt) {shm eqn.} |
v = ω root(A2−x2) |
a = −ω2x |
T = 2π/ω |
v = fλ |
f = 1/T |
|
|
what to write?
-Aim
-Apparatus Required
-Formula/Principle
-Procedure (steps)
-Observation table
-Result
-Precautions
-Measure 4 or 3 times atleast → avg |
Simple Pendulum
acc. due gravity using simple pendulum |
T=2π root(l/g) |
Measure time for 20 oscillations |
metallic bob with a hook, an iron stand with a clamp, a split fork, a fine & strong thread, vernier caliper, stopclock, meter scale |
What affects T? → length (NOT mass) |
Calorimeter → Volume
internal diameter, depth → volume |
vernier calliper, calorimeter |
V=πr2h |
Principle of Moments (Meter Scale)
mass of body, using meter scale |
meter scale, glass prism, load of unknown mass "m2", known mass m1, thread |
τ = F*d |
anticlockwise → positive |
clockwise → negative |
Clockwise moment = Anticlockwise moment |
W1×d1=W2×d2 |
|
|
Parallelogram Law of Vectors
weight using vector addition |
Gravesend's apparatus, 2 hangers with slotted wt., given body, strong & thin thread, sheet, drawing pins, mirror strips, half meter scale, compass |
Two forces at angle → resultant is diagonal |
Sonometer (Frq. of Tuning Fork)
sonometer along with hanger and slotted wt., tuning fork, rubber pad, screw gauge, paper rider |
f=(1/2l)* root(T/M) |
→ T = mg (tension) |
→ M = mass/length of wire (linear mass density) |
→ M = πr2ρ |
ρ → density of brass = 8.5 g/cm3 |
Spring Constant (Hooke’s Law)
force of helical spring, by plotting a graph b/w load and extension |
Force ∝ extension (k) |
F = - k*l |
k → stiffness of spring → spring const. |
(-) → restoring force acts in opp. dir. to applied force |
graph - strgt. line → obeys hooks law |
slope = k |
k = change in f/change in l |
Fortin’s Barometer (atm p)
fortins barometer with att. vernier scale, meter scale |
P=hρg |
ρ → density of mercury |
h → ht. of mercury column |
Why mercury? → high density, low vapor pressure |
|
