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Chemistry Practical Cheat Sheet (DRAFT) by

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This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.

dilute acid group radical

dry salt + dil. H2SO4
colorless, odorless gas is evolved with brisk efferv­escence
CO32- may be prsent
aq. soln. of salt + MgSO4
appearance of white ppt
CO32- confirmed
dry salt + dil. H2SO4
colorless gas with pungent smell of burning SO2
SO32- may be present
aq. soln. of salt + acidified K2CR2O7 soln.
change in color, from orange to green
SO32- confirmed
dry salt + dil. H2SO4
brown fumes
NO2- may be present
aq. soln. of salt + thiourea + acetic acid + FeCl3 soln.
appearance of blood red color
NO2- confirmed

Concen­trated acid group radical

dry salt + dil. H2SO4
no observ­ation
dilute acid group radical absent
dry salt + conc. H2SO4 + △
pungent smelling gas, intense white fumes upon bringing a glass rod dipped in NH4OH
Cl- may be present
orange fumes
B- may be present
violet vapors
I- may be present
ag. soln. of salt + dil. HNO3 + AgNO3 soln.
white ppt (soluble in excess in NH4OH)
Cl- confirmed
pale yellow ppt (partially soluble in excess in NH4OH)
B- confirmed
yellow ppt (insoluble in excess in NH4OH)
I- may be present
dry salt + conc. H2SO4 + △
vingar like smell
CH3COO- may be present
aq. soln. of salt + neutral furic chloride (FeCl3)
red colour is observed
CH3COO- is confirmed
dry salt + conc. H2SO4 + △
brown fumes
No3- may be present
aq. soln. of salt + freshly preapred FeSO soln. + few drops of H2SO4 (through the sides of the tube withut distrubing the solution)
brown ring is formed in the test tube
No3- confirmed

acid indepe­ndent group radical

dry salt + dil. H2SO4
no observ­ation
dilute acid group radical absent
dry salt + conc. H2SO4 + △
no observ­ation
conc. acid group radical absent
aq. soln. of salt + BaCl2 soln.
white ppt (insoluble in conc. HCl)
So42 confirmed
aq. soln. of salt + conc HNO3 + (NH4)MnO4 soln. + ∆
canary yellow ppt
PO43- confirmed