Cheatography
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Some basic commands used in Linux for white hat/ethical hacking purposes, as well as just some good general knowledge in linux with networking.
General Navigation and Bash Commands
pwd |
Show current directory |
mkdir directory |
Make directory directory |
rmdir directory |
Remove directory |
cd directory |
Change to directory directory |
cd .. |
Go up a directory (the parent directory) |
cd |
Change to home directory |
ls |
list files (in current directory) |
cat file |
Display contents of file |
ls directory |
list files in specified directory |
whoami |
Show your username |
uname -a |
Show system and kernel |
head -n1 /etc/issue |
Show distrobution |
man command |
Show manual/information for specified command |
uptime |
Show uptime |
date |
Show system date |
mount |
Show mounted file systems |
ls Options
-a |
Show all plus hidden files |
-R |
Recursive list |
-r |
Reverse order |
-t |
Sort by last modified |
-S |
Sort by file size |
-l |
Long listing format |
-1 |
One file per line |
-m |
Comma-separated output |
-Q |
Quoted output |
grep
grep option string files |
Search for string in files |
-i |
Case insensitive search |
-r |
Recursive search |
-v |
Inverted search |
-c |
Print count of matching lines |
-o |
Show matched part of file only |
More Search Commands
find /dir/ -name name |
Find files starting with name in dir |
find /dir/ -user name |
Find files owned by name in dir |
whereis command |
Find binary source manual for command |
locate file |
Find file with quick search of system index |
which file |
Shows path to file |
Add 2>/dev/null at the end to discard error messages
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File Manipulation
touch |
Create, change, modify timestamps of a file |
echo |
Print specified text |
mv |
Move source to directory; Rename Old to New |
rm |
Remove files or directories |
rm -f |
Ignore nonexistent files |
rm -i |
Prompt before every removal |
rm -I |
Prompt once before removing more than 3 files |
rm -r |
Remove directories and their contents recursively |
cp file1 file2 |
Copy file1 to file2 |
cp -b |
Backup (doesn't support argument) |
cp -f |
If file cannot be opened remove and try again |
cp -l |
Hard link files instead of copying |
cp -n |
Do not overwrite existing file |
cp -s |
Make symbolic link instead of copying |
cp -r |
Copy directories recursively |
cp -u |
Copy only when SOURCE file is newer than destination file or when destination file is missing |
Permissions (chmod)
chmod u file |
Change owner permission of file |
chmod g file |
Change group permission of file |
chmod o file |
Change all others' permission of file |
chmod a file |
Change everyone's permission of file |
r |
permission to read symbol |
w |
permission to write symbol |
x |
permission to execute symbol |
chmod o+r file |
Adds the "read" ability to "other" users |
chmod o-r file |
Removes the "read" ability from "other" users |
chmod 777 file |
Adds rwx permissions to all users using octal notations |
I advise looking up an octal notations table/explaination for any help understanding the numbers and their placement, this is just for a quick reference.
Ownership (chown)
chown newowner file |
Change user owner of file to newowner |
chown :groupname file.txt |
Change group owner of file.txt to groupname |
chown newowner:groupname file.txt |
Change user owner and group owner of file |
-f |
Suppress most error messages |
-R |
Make changes recursively |
-H |
If cmd argument is symbolic link, traverse it |
-L |
Traverse every symbolic link to a directory encountered |
-h |
Affect each symbolic link instead of any referenced file |
Processes
ps |
Show snapshot of current processes |
top |
Show realtime processes |
kill pid |
Kill process with ID pid |
pkill name |
Kill process with name name |
killall name |
Kill all process with names beginning with name |
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Basic Networking Commands
ifconfig |
Show details of Network settings (IP, version, etc) |
whois |
Shows site owner and DNS name server |
nslookup |
Shows nameservers and IP Addresses |
traceroute |
Shows routing information to host |
nmap |
Port scanning (TCP, UDP) |
ping/ping6 |
Send ICMP pings; Also checks latency |
route |
Show/manipulate IP routing table |
arp |
Show/manipulate ARP cache |
ip |
See ARP cache, neighbor table, add routes |
nc |
Show various network info |
tcpdump |
Capture network traffic |
dig website |
Show various IP information |
Netcat (nc)
nc host port |
Connect to remote server(s) |
nc -l IPaddress port |
Listen mode; listen for incoming connections |
-p |
Specify port number |
-v |
Verbose mode |
-z |
Scan for open ports |
-q |
Specify delay before closing connection |
-g |
Source-routing hop point(s) up to 8 |
-n |
Numeric-only IP addresses |
-s address |
local source address |
-c string |
specify shell cmds to execute after connect |
-e filename |
Specify filename to execute after connect (if no working /bin/sh) |
tcpdump
-A |
Print in ASCII |
-c count |
Exit after capturing count packets |
-D |
Show available interfaces |
-e |
Print link-level header on each line |
-F file |
Use file as filter expression |
-L |
List data link types for interface |
-n |
Don't convert addresses to names |
-p |
Don't capture in promiscuous mode |
-q |
Quick Output |
-r file |
Read packets from file |
-s len |
Capture up to len bytes per packet |
-S |
Print absolute TCP seq numbers |
-t |
Don't print timestamps |
-w file |
Write captured packets to file |
-y type |
Specify data-link type |
-Z user |
Drop privileges from root to user |
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