Cheatography
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Drugs for HF (Module 2 - Pharmacology)
This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.
ACE INHIBITORS
PROTOTYPE DRUG |
lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril) |
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Drug of choice for HF |
Reduce afterload |
Increases cardiac output |
Enhance excretion of sodium and water |
- Lowers peripheral resistance and reduces blood volume |
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PRIMARY USE: |
To decrease BP and reduce blood volume; dilate veins |
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ADVERSE EFFECTS: |
- First-dose hypotension
- Cough
- Hyperkalemia
- Renal failure |
ANGIOTENSIN II RECEPTOR BLOCKERS (ARBs)
END IN |
"-SARTAN" |
PROTOTYPE DRUG: |
candesartan (Atacand) |
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Actions very similar to ACE inhibitors |
Usually used for pts who are unable to tolerate ACE inhibitors |
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PRIMARY USE: |
HTN and HF (for those who can't tolerate ACE inhibiitors) |
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ADVERSE EFFECTS: |
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Hypotension
Hyperkalemia |
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PATIENT TEACHING: |
Sodium & potassium restrictions
Contraception |
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DIURETICS
PROTOTYPE DRUG |
furosemide (Lasix) |
Increase urine flow |
Reduce |
- blood volume and cardiac workload
- Edema and pulmonary congestion |
Prescribed in combination with other drugs |
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PRIMARY USE: |
Diuretic |
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ADVERSE EFFECTS: |
- Electrolyte imbalances
- Hypovolemia
- Orthostatic hypotension |
CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES
PROTOTYPE DRUG |
digoxin (Lanoxin) |
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Increase forcec of heartbeat, slow heart rate |
Improve cardiac output |
Second-line treatment for HF |
Narrow therapeutic range |
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PRIMARY USE: |
To increase contractility or strength of myocardial contraction |
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ADVERSE EFFECTS: |
- Neutropenia
- Dysrhythmias
- Digital toxicity |
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Beta-Adrenergic Blockers "-olol" (Antagonists)
PROTOTYPE DRUG |
metoprolol (Lopressor, Troprol XL) |
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Slow HR and reduce BP |
(Negative) inotropic effect |
Reduce workload of heart |
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PRIMARY USE: |
- Reduce symptoms of HF
- Slow progression of disease |
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ADVERSE EFFECTS: |
- Fluid retention
- Worsening of HF
- Fatigue
- Hypotension
- Bradycardia
- Heart block |
PHOSPHODIESTERASE INHIBITORS
PROTOTYPE DRUG |
milrinone (Primacor) |
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Block enzyme phospho diesterase |
Increase calcium for myocardial contraction |
Cause positive inotropic response and vasodilation |
Increase contractility & decrease afterload |
Short-term therapy only |
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PRIMARY USE: |
As a short term therapy for HF |
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ADVERSE EFFECTS: |
- Hypokalemia
- Hypotension
- Ventricular dysrhythmias |
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DIRECT VASODILATORS
PROTOTYPE DRUG: |
hydralazine (Apresoline)
Sometimes used in combination with isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil) |
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PRIMARY USE: |
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- Antihypertensive
- Treatment of hypertensive crisis |
ADVERSE EFFECTS: |
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- Stopping abruptly can cause rebound HTN
- Flushing
- Reflex tachycardia
- Palpatations
- Lupus-like reaction
- Hypotension |
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CONTRAINDICATED IN THOSE WITH:
- Tachycardia
- Angina
- Rheumatic heart disease |
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