Cheatography
https://cheatography.com
Preparation for the 2022 Provbanksprov at Sigtunaskolan for the French 3 course.
This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.
Present Tense Regular Verb Conjugations
Infinitive Ending: |
-er |
-ir |
-re |
Je |
-es |
-is |
-s |
Tu |
-es |
-is |
-s |
Il/Elle/On |
-e |
-it |
Nous |
-ons |
-issons |
-ons |
Vous |
-ez |
-issez |
-ez |
Ils/Elles |
-ent |
-issent |
-ent |
For the pronoun on: l' is put infront of on when it succeeds a word that ends with a vowel, becoming l'on.
Irregular Present Tense Verb Conjugations
Venir (To Come) |
Vouloir (Want) |
Devoir (Must) |
Aller (To Go) |
Voir (To see) |
Je viens |
Veux |
Dois |
Vais |
Vois |
Tu viens |
Veux |
Dois |
Vas |
Vois |
Il/Elle/On vient |
Veut |
Doit |
Va |
Voit |
Nous venons |
Voulons |
Devons |
Allons |
Voyons |
Vous venez |
Voulez |
Devez |
Allez |
Voyez |
Ils/Elles viennent |
Veulent |
Doivent |
Vont |
Voient |
Pouvoir is conjugated the same as Vouloir.
Devenir is the same as venir, only with de- infront of the word.
The only present tense conjugation to falloir is faut.
Imperfect & Future Conjugations
Imperfect: Replace -ons of present nous verb with imperfect ending. |
Nous allons Je allais |
Je |
-ais |
Tu |
-ais |
Il/Elle/On |
-ait |
Nous |
-ions |
Vous |
-iez |
Ils/Elles |
-aient |
Future: Add future ending to infinitiv. |
Jouer Je jouerai |
Je |
-ai |
Tu |
-as |
Il/Elle/On |
-a |
Nous |
-ons |
Vous |
-ez |
Ils/Elles |
-ont |
Future of Aller, Avoir & Être
Future: Aller, Avoir & Être all have irregular future
conjugations as they have their own stems.
Future form: Stem + Future ending |
Aller J'irai |
Stems: |
Aller |
Ir |
Avoir |
Aur |
Être |
Ser |
Travel Verbs
Prendre (passe compose) |
Pris |
Sortir Imperfect |
Je/Tu |
Sors |
Il |
Sort |
Nous |
Sortons |
Vous |
Sortez |
Ils |
Sortent |
|
|
Pronouns
Possessive (Mine) |
(In)Direct Object (Himself) |
Stressed (Him) |
Mien(ne)(s) |
Me |
Moi |
Tien(ne)(s) |
Te |
Toi |
Sien(ne)(s) |
Le/La/Lui (Indir.) |
Lui/Elle |
Nôtre(s) |
Nous |
Nous |
Vôtre(s) |
Vous |
Vous |
Leur(s) |
Les/Leur (Indir.) |
Eux/Elles |
Rule for Indirect Object: If the english sentence includes to/for, its indirect.
Le/La/Les always before possessive pronoun.
Replacement Pronouns
Y |
À + noun |
En |
De + noun |
Qui |
That/Which (subject) |
Que/Qu (before vowel/h) |
That/Which (object) |
Dont |
Of/About which/whom or Whom |
Laquel(le)(s) |
Preposition (excl. of/about) e.g to/on/from/in + which/whom |
Qui/Que are relative pronouns that provide additional information about a noun.
Possessive Adjectives
My |
Mon/Ma/Mes |
Your |
Ton/Ta/Tes |
His/Her |
Son/Sa/Ses |
Our |
Notre/Nos |
Your (vous) |
Votre/Vos |
Their |
Leur/Leurs |
The possessive adjective always precedes the noun it describes
Rule: Possessive adjective is changed to masculine, infront of feminine nouns beginning with vowels.
Demonstrative Pronouns & Determiners
Ce (p)/Cette (f) |
This/That |
Ces |
These/Those |
Celui (m)/Ceux (f) |
This/That one |
Celle (m)/Celles (f) |
These/Those ones |
Celui/Ceux/Celle(s) are the pronouns; adding suffixes -ci and -là, to the end distinguishes object distance.
-ci = this/these. & -là = that/those.
Grammar - à & de
Generally, à means "to," "at," or "in," while de means "of" or "from".
However, both have more uses. |
Uses of à: |
e.g |
Location/Destination |
Je vais à Paris (I'm going to Paris) |
Distance |
C'est à 5 minutes (It's 5mins away) |
Possession |
Ce livre est à Jean (This is Jean's book) |
Purpose |
Une tasse à thé (a cup for tea) |
Characteristics |
Un enfant aux yeux bleus (a blue-eyed child) |
Measurement |
Payer à la semaine (to pay weekly) |
Uses of de: |
e.g |
Origin |
Partir de Paris (to leave from Paris) |
Belonging |
Le livre de Paul (Paul's book) |
Contents |
Une tasse de thé (a cup of tea) |
|
