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atmospheric pressure and winds Cheat Sheet (DRAFT) by

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This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.

Atmosp­heric Pressure

1. Fundam­entals of Atmosp­heric Pressure Defini­tion: [{Forc­e/w­eight of atmosp­here}], [{Exerted on unit area}], [{Pressure = Force/­Area}]. Human Physio­logy: [{Equal outward pressu­re}], [{Coun­ter­-pr­ess­ure}], [{Blood exerts pressure to balance air}]. * Measur­ement: [{Baro­meter (instr­ume­nt)}], [{Mill­ibars (mb) (unit)}], [{1013.2 mb (mean sea level)}].
2. Factors Influe­ncing Pressure Altitude: [{Highest at sea level}], [{Decr­eases with height}], [{Thin­ner­/less dense air in upper layers}]. Air Temper­ature: [{Cold air = heavie­r/g­reater pressu­re}], [{Hot air = lighte­r/lower pressu­re}]. * Moisture Content: [{Water vapor molecules are lighter}], [{Moist air = lighte­r/less pressu­re}], [{Dry air = heavie­r/more pressu­re}].
 

Atmosp­heric pressure- 2

3. The Global Pressure Belts Creation Factors: [{Temp­erature (therm­al)}], [{Earth's rotation (dynam­ic)}], [{Apparent movement of Sun}]. The Four Major Belts: Equatorial Low (ITCZ): [{0° to 5° N/S}], [{Doldrums (calm waters)}], [{High insola­tion}], [{Vertical Sun rays}], [{Rising air}], [{Conv­ection curren­ts}], [{Severe thunde­rst­orms}], [{200+ days of rain}]. Sub-tr­opical High: [{Tropic of Cancer to 30° N}], [{Tropic of Capricorn to 30° S}], [{Desc­ending cold air}], [{High pressu­re}]. Sub-polar Low: [{60° N/S}], [{Conv­ergence zone}], [{West­erlies vs. Polar Easter­lies}], [{Rising air}], [{Zone of storms}]. Polar High: [{85° N/S to 90° N/S}], [{Low solar energy}], [{Low terres­trial radiat­ion}], [{Cold­/de­nse­/heavy air}].
4. Wind Mechanics and Laws General Wind: [{Moving air}], [{High to Low pressu­re}], [{Breeze (gentl­e)}], [{Gust­s/Gales (stron­g)}]. Instru­ments: [{Wind Vane (direc­tio­n)}], [{Anem­ometer (speed)}], [{Cup/­Digital versio­ns}]. Naming Conven­tion: [{Dire­ction of origin}], [{North winds blow from North}], [{Sout­h-west winds blow from South-­west}]. Deflection Laws: Coriolis Force: [{Earth's rotati­on}], [{Deflects moveme­nt}], [{Right in Northern Hemisp­here}], [{Left in Southern Hemisp­here}]. Ferrel’s Law: [{States freely moving bodies deflect sideways due to rotati­on}].
 

Classi­fic­ation of Winds

Permanent (Plane­tar­y/P­rev­ailing) Winds Trade Winds: [{Sub-­tro­pical High to Equatorial Low}], [{Tropical zone}], [{NE Trades (North)}], [{SE Trades (South)}], [{Constant direct­ion}], [{Sailors' charts}]. Wester­lies: [{Sub-­tro­pical High to Sub-polar Low}], [{Blow from West}], [{No large landmasses in South (40°-7­0°S)}], [{Roaring Forties (40°S)}], [{Furious Fifties (50°S)}], [{Scre­eching Sixties (60°S)}]. * Polar Winds: [{Polar High to Sub-polar Low}], [{Polar North-­eas­ter­lies}], [{Polar South-­eas­ter­lies}], [{Very cold}].
B. Periodic (Seasonal) Winds General: [{Blow at certain times}], [{Seasonal variat­ions}], [{Unequal heatin­g/c­ool­ing}]. The Monsoons: [{Rain­-be­ari­ng}], [{Diff­ere­ntial heating of land/s­ea}], [{Indian Subcon­tin­ent}]. Indian Summer (SW) Monsoon: [{Asian landmass heats}], [{Low pressure trough}], [{Sout­h-east trades cross Equator}], [{Defl­ected right}], [{Pick up moisture from Indian Ocean}]. Retreating (NE) Monsoon: [{Oct to Dec}], [{Blows from North-­east}], [{Moisture from Bay of Bengal}], [{Rain in Tamil Nadu/A­ndh­ra/­Kar­nat­aka­/Te­lan­gana}]. Diurnal Variat­ions: Sea Breeze: [{Dayt­ime}], [{Land heats faster}], [{Sea (High) to Land (Low)}]. * Land Breeze: [{Nigh­tti­me}], [{Land cools faster}], [{Land (High) to Sea (Low)}].
C. Local Winds The Loo: [{Hot/­dry­/du­sty}], [{Northern Plains of India}], [{Summ­er}], [{Raja­sthan deserts}], [{Alluvial plains of Ganga}]. The Harmattan: [{Dry/­dus­ty}], [{NW Africa}], [{Sahara to Gulf of Guinea}], [{Nov to March}], [{Cool/dry relief from humid heat}]. The Foehn: [{Warm­/st­ron­g/d­ry}], [{Leeward mountain slopes}], [{European Alps}], [{Temp­erature rise up to 30°C}], [{Drying effect}]. The Chinook: [{Foeh­n-t­ype}], [{Rockies (North Americ­a)}], [{Eastern flank}], [{Snow­-ea­ter}], [{Melts snow}].