This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.
History-Egypt
Made from |
Barley |
Consumption |
Beer and bread were a staple part of the diet |
Economic Use |
May have be used as currency
Cleopatra 7th imposed a beer tax |
Religious Ties |
Containers of beer placed in burial chamber
Brewing would occur in temples |
Social Ties |
General anti-alcoholism attitude
ancient paintings and texts warn of drunkenness, vomiting and alcoholic abuse , |
Effects on the brain
Is a psychoactive ingredient |
Targets nervous system |
not a stimulant |
Non-selective depressant |
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History-Rome
Made from |
Grapes (Wine) |
Economics |
Extensive trade of wine |
Consumption |
Daily consumption for all people (inc women and children) |
Social ties |
Strong acceptance of social ties |
Types of Alcohol
Beer |
4.6%
High Sugar content
Most popular alcoholic beverage |
Wine |
10-14%
Made from grapes, berries, stone fruits
Longer fermentation time |
Spirits |
25-50%
Distilled alcohol |
Fortified Wine |
18-20%
Wine+Spirit |
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Spirit+Fortified Wine Examples
Rum |
Sugarcane |
Vodka |
Potato, Grains, Fruits |
Whiskey |
Fermented grain mash |
Port |
Wine + Neutral grape spirit |
Sherry |
Wine + Brandy |
Pharmacokinetic Qualities
Mixture of Fat and Water solubility |
Rapid absorption |
Wide tissue penetration |
Absorption
Rapid absorbance, 30~ mins
mostly absorbed in the upper intestine, but some in the stomach
BAC is directly linked to amount ingested |
Distribution
Wide distribution into body water all throughout the body. Little penetration into fat |
Metabolism
Metabolised in the gut wall and liver
95% metabolised by alcohol dehydrogenase.
Alcohol -> acetaldehyde -> Acetic acid
Alcohol is saturated in normal conditions. Meaning there is a fixed amount that can be metabolised per hour |
Heavy drinkers have a different metabolism path. Endoplasmic reticulum is boosted
Excretion
Small amount of alcohol is excreted via the kidneys, and some is also excreted by breath.
Due to genetics some people may excrete more alcohol via breath, which may lead to inaccurate breathalyser results |
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