This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.
Guidelines/references
Handbook p145 |
The National Heart Foundation. Dietary fat and heart healthy eating position statement |
What is it?
Excess of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in blood → fatty plaque builds up on arteries (atherosclerosis) → narrowing of arteries → blockages & reduced blood flow. Treatments lower your risk of heart attacks and strokes |
Lipid Targets
Total Cholesterol |
No CVD risk= <5 mmol/L |
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Risk of CVD= <4 mmol/L |
LDL |
No CVD risk= <3 mmol/L |
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Risk of CVD= <2 mmol/L |
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Established CVD = <1.8 mmol/L |
HDL |
Men: ≥1.0 mmol/L |
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Women: ≥1.2 mmol/L |
Non–HDL-C |
<2.5 mmol/L |
Triglycerides |
<2.0 mmol/L |
Causes
Genetics |
Diet high in sat fat |
Lack PA |
Smoking |
Liver disease |
T2DM |
Hypothyroidism |
Anorexia nervosa |
Risk factors
Age |
↑BP |
T2DM |
↓HDL |
Family history of premature atherosclerotic heart disease (A type of arteriosclerosis) |
Comorbidities
Obesity |
HPT |
T2DM |
Metabolic Syndrom |
CKD |
Hypothyroidism |
NAFLD |
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Consequences
Stroke |
Coronary artery disease - Plaque buildup in coronary arteries - angina, heart attack, arrhythmias, or heart failure |
Peripheral artery disease - caused by atherosclerosis, but in arteries supplying the limbs - ulcers, gangrene, or amputation |
Nut Reqs
Total fats: 20-35% of total energy |
Sat fat <10% |
Fibre F: 25, M: 30g |
Sol fibre: 6g/day |
EPA & DHA: 250-300mg/day (heart foundation) |
Intervention
Fibre (incl fluid) |
F: 25g, M: 30g |
Fats |
↑ MUFA and PUFA |
Fish |
2-3 serves/week (250-500mmg O-3) |
Fitness |
Improve HDL. 150mins/week |
Phytosterols |
2-3g/day (ProActive, Weetbix, Burgen Bread, Milk) etc) |
Educate |
Types of fat, cholesterol in foods, portion control |
Strategies
reduced fat swaps |
Cuts of meat (skin off) |
psyllium husk |
fish recipes |
legume recipes |
sterol swaps |
portion control |
balanced meals |
Lean protein options |
reduced fat dairy |
Limit eggs to 7 each week |
Label reading |
Sat Fat: max 2g/100g (except oils/cheese etc) |
Fibre: min 5g/100g |
Trans fat: max 1g/100g |
Na: max 400mg/100g |
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Example PESS
Intake of type of fats inconsistent with needs |
Excessive fat intake |
Fats
PUFA |
Monounsat |
Sat |
Vegetable oils |
Canola oil |
Animal products |
Nuts & seeds |
Margarines |
Coconut |
Canola & flaxseed oil |
Olive oil |
Soybeans |
Peanut oil |
Oily fish |
Avocado |
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Nuts |
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