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Polyatomic atomsAmmonium | NH₄ | 1+ | Acetate | C₂H₃O₂ | 1- | Chorate | ClO₃ | 1- | Hydroxide | OH | 1- | Nitrate | NO₃ | 1- | Carbonate | CO₃ | 2- | Sulfate | SO₄ | 2- | Phosphate | PO₄ | 3- |
Rules for Using Oxidation Numbers1. | The sum of the oxidation numbers in a compound is always equal to 0 | 2. | Some elements have more than one ox number | 3. | Write the symbol of the element with the positive ox number first |
Elements with more than 1 ox numberIron | Fe | 2+,3+ | Copper | Cu | 1+,2+ | Chromium | Cr | 2+,3+ | Tin | Sn | 2+,4+ | Lead | Pb | 2+,4+ | Silver | Ag | 1+ |
'Ide' formsOxygen | Oxide | Nitrogen | Nitride | Sulfur | Sulfide | Bromine | Bromide | Iodine | Iodide | Chlorine | Chloride | Fluorine | Fluoride | Phosphorous | Phosphide |
| | Diatomic elemetsNitrogen | N₂ | Oxygen | O₂ | Fluorine | F₂ | Chlorine | Cl₂ | Bromine | Br₂ | Iodine | I₂ | Hydrgen | H₂ |
| | VocabCompounds | 2 or more elements chemically combined | Molecule | the smallest particle of a compound (or gaseous element) that still has the chemical properties of that substance | Octet rule | tendency for elements to be stable with 8 valence electrons | Exceptions to octet rule | Hydrogen (H), Helium (He), Lithium (Li), Beryllium (Be) | Ionic bond | transfer of electrons results in electromagnetic force | Covalent bond | atoms share electrons to become stable | Ionic bond elements | Metals(+) and Nonmetals (-) | Covalent bond elements | Nonmetals and Nonmetals and Hydrogen | Metallic bond | valence electrons are lost to a common electron cloud | Metallic bond elements | Metals and metals | Oxidation number | combining ability of an atom -the number of electrons gained, lost, or shared | Ionic ox number | charge on Ion | Covalent ox number | experimentally determined | Polyatomic Ion | Group of covalently bonded atoms that act together like one charged particle |
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