Vocabulary
variable |
something that can change |
string |
a list of characters |
loop |
infinite playing |
integer number |
full number |
float number |
decimal number |
print |
shoe the output |
syntax |
grammar/structure of language |
modulo |
find the remainder |
boolean |
true/false |
function |
a piece of code in a program |
function call |
telling that program to excute that function |
parameter |
something you gave to the function |
argument |
parameter |
Code
input() |
gain information for user |
int () |
change number to be integer number |
float () |
change number to be decimal number |
str () |
a list of number, letter and symbols |
print () |
show the result |
len() |
the length of the string |
# |
comment, no effect |
Math
== |
equal to |
!= |
not equal to |
< |
less than |
> |
more than |
<= |
less than or equal to |
>= |
more than or equal to |
% |
modulo, find the remainder |
Multiplication & Exponent
string * number |
combine the string |
number * number |
multiply(math) |
number ** number |
exponent(math) |
Addition
string + string |
combine together |
number + number |
addition(math) |
CRASH!
string + number |
CRASH! |
string * string |
CRASH! |
string ** string |
CRASH! |
True/False
True or anything is always TRUE
False and anything is always FALSE |
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Forever While Loop
while True:
user_input = input('Enter a number: ')
number = int(user_input)
print('The number squared is', number ** 2')
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Decision Making/Conditional Statements
if 3 < 2: #if statement must compare 2 Boolean\
print('3 is less than 2')
elif 4 < 2: #can't have 0 or more elif statement
print('4 is less than 2')
elif 5 < 2:
print('5 is less than 2')
else: #can have 0 or 1 else statement at the end
print('none of the above are True')
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While Loop with List
thelist = [4, 3, 2, 1, 0]
index = 0 # start at the first item
while index < len(thelist):
print (thelist[index]) #prints each item
index = index + 1
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For‐Loop with List
forlist = [3, 4, 5, 2, 1]
for item in forlist:
print(item)
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Functions
#function with no parameters/arguments
#and no return value
#return is optional if you do not return a value
def nameOfFunction():
print (‘This function has no parameters’)
print (‘This function has no return value’)
return # no value, just exits the function
______________________________________
#function call
nameOfFunction()
#function with 1 parameter/argument
def testFunction(param):
print (‘This function has 1 parameter’)
print (param)
#function call
testFunction (“this is the parameter value”) ______________________________________
#function with 2 parameters and a return value
def function3(param1, param2):
print(‘This function has 2 parameters’)
return param1 + param2 # return value
#function call and store the result in a variable
returnValue = function3(2, 3)
print (returnValue)
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Count Even&Odd #
#repeatly receives positive integers from user and exit when gets negative number, then count even and odd number
evenCount = 0
oddCount = 0
while True:
user_input = int(input("Enter number: "))
if user_input < 0:
print("Total even: ",evenCount)
print("Total odd: ",oddCount)
break
elif user_input > 0:
if user_input % 2 == 0:
evenCount = evenCount + 1
else:
oddCOunt = oddCount +1
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Mystring
' ' '
expected output:
0
01
012
0123
01234
' ' '
mystring = " "
count = 0
while count < 5:
mystring = mystring + str(count)
print(mrstring)
count = count + 1
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Condition While Loop
count = 0 #start at 0
while count < 10: #loop while count is less than 10
print(count) #will print number 0-9
count = count + 1 #must increase count
' ' '
output
0
to
9
' ' '
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Countdown Machine
user_number = input("What number do you want to count down? ")
number = int(user_number)
countdown_string = ' '
while number > 0:
countdown_number = countdown_string + str(number) + " "
number = number - 1
#print(number)
print(countdown_string)
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Random List
import random
#create a list
mylist = [-1,1.2,11,"srujryju","yikjghk"]
random_item = random.choice(mylist)
print(mylist, random_item)
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Reverse Word
while True:
word = input("Please enter a word")
index = 0
reverse = ' '
while int(index) < len(word):
reverse = word[index] + (reverse)
index = int(index) + 1
print ("Reverse: ", reverse)
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Function pir*2
def areaoscircle(r):
pi = 3.1415
return pi r * 2
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Printing values
print("hello", "there") #displays hello there
print("hello" + "there") #displays hellothere |
Combining Strings (Concatenation)
"hi" + "there" == "hithere"
"hi" * 5 == "hihihihihi" |
Naming Convention
Rule for giving name
- letter
- numbers
- underscore_
Valid name
- _mystr
- my3
- Hello_there
Invalid name
- 3my = "hi" -- cannot start with number
- first name = "hi"
- first-name
- first+name |
Example
Print(2) - integer
Print(2.5) - floating point
Print("Hello") - string
Print(mystr) - variable
Print(mystr, "Hi",2,1.0) -- commas
mystr = "Hi"
mystr <- name
"Hi" <- value can change
print(int(1.5)) -> 1
print(int("2")) -> 2
print(float(1)) -> 1.0 anything to a float |
Example Code
mylist = [1, 'hello', 2.5]
print (mylist)
print (mylist2)
print (mylist3)
# how to make a list with all numbers from 0-99
mynumbers = range(5)
for num on mynumbers:
print (num) |
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