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Disorders That Affect Eating Cheat Sheet (DRAFT) by

Disorders that affect eating

This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.

Anorexia

Definition
Loss of appetite
Causes
Food odors
Drugs
Stress
Psycho­logical problems
Fear
Illness
Pathop­hys­iology and Etiology
The appetite center in the hypoth­alamus stimulates or suppresses appetite
Signs and Symptoms
The most common:
No hunger
No desire to eat
Nauseous from the smell or thought of food
Eat small amounts by obligation or coercion
Hypovi­tam­inosis
Diagnostic Findings
Hemoglobin and blood cell counts
Abnormally enlarged RBCs
Serum albumin, electr­olyte, and protein w/ cardiac dysrhy­thmias
Medical and Surgical Management
If anorexia is severe
High-c­alorie diet, high-c­alorie supple­mental feedings, tube feedings, and total parenteral nutrition (TPN)
Nursing Management
Monitor weight daily, monitor I&O, and compile a dietary history
 

Nausea and Vomiting

Pathop­hys­iology and Etiology
The vomiting center in the medulla is sensitive to parasy­mpa­thetic neurot­ran­smi­tters released in response to gastric irritation
Causes
Drugs, infections and inflam­matory conditions of the GI tract, intestinal obstru­ction, systemic infect­ions, lesions of the central nervous system, food poisoning, stress, early pregnancy, and uremia
Nausea
nauseavomiting
usually results from distention of duodenum
accomp­anying symptoms: salivation and peripheral vasoco­nst­riction cold and clammy skin and tachyc­ardia
The Valsava Maneuver
Accomp­anies the forceful expulsion of stomach contents
Causes dizziness, hypote­nsion, and bradyc­ardia
Signs and Symptoms
Nausea
Loss of appetite and refusal to eat
Retching vomiting
Polydipsia and oliguria r/t dehydration
Dry and dull eyes/oral mucosa and poor skin turgor r/t fluid loss
Ingestion of noxious substa­nces: excessive alcohol, contam­inated food, or drugs w/ GI side effects
Diagnostic Findings
serum sodium and chloride
bicarb­onate levels to compensate loss of chloride and accumu­lation of metabolic acids
hematocrit due to hemoco­nce­ntr­ation caused by dehydr­ation
Medical and Surgical Management
IV fluids, electr­olyte replac­ement, and drug therapy if n/v is severe
Elimin­ation of the cause
Sympto­matic relief using antiem­etics
 

Antiemetic Medica­tions

Serotonin (5-HT3) Receptor Antago­nists
Examples
Ondans­etron (Zofran)
Palono­setron (Aloxi)
Granis­etron
Uses
Chemot­herapy nausea, post-op vomiting, hypere­mesis in pregnancy
Action
Blocks neural receptors for 5HT3