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I, Daniel Blake Cheat Sheet by

For Media Studies A Level (WJEC Exam Board)

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Key & Terms

Bold writing indicates an importance to the inform­­­a­tion,
italics represents inform­­­ation that will likely gain you further marks but isn't necess­­­arily important inform­­­a­tion.
Supers­­­cript indicates a recap of a theory or extra/­­sp­e­cific inform­­ation on something specific.

IDB - I, Daniel Blake
BFI - British Film Instit­ution
National Lottery funding distri­butor
BBC Films - British Broadc­asting Corpor­ation
Now changed to "BBC Film", pointless change ik

Product Context

I, Daniel Blake is an indepe­ndent social realist film directed by renowned filmmaker Ken Loach
(Notable for his other films: Ken, Raining Stones, Sweet Sixteen, etc)

The film was a UK/French produc­tion, it received funding from the BFI and BBC Films.

It became Ken Loach's largest grossing film at the box office (taking over $8 million), was highly critically acclaimed and generated much debate due to the contem­porary social and political issues addressed in the film.

I, Daniel Blake was exhibited at many film festivals, won the Palme d'Or at Cannes, and was nominated for many awards including several BAFTAS.
 

Media Industries

-- SOCIAL AND POLITICAL CONTEXTS --

I, Daniel Blake addresses contem­porary British social issues such as poverty, the welfare system and the Work Capability Assess­ment.
The film portrays a group of tradit­ionally underr­epr­esented characters in Newcastle struggling in poverty to gain benefits and support.
IDB conveys a clear left-wing political message and criticises specific government policies.
Consid­eration of the wider economic context and concept of "­aus­ter­ity­" might be useful in exploring how changes to benefit policy had been justified.

Much of Ken Loach's work has addressed similar issues (Cathy Come Home, Raining Stones) and he is a social campai­gner, known for his socialist political views.
This is important to consider in terms of film production and mainta­ining audiences (arguably the intended audience for this film is educated, media literate and socially aware).

-- THE SIGNIF­ICANCE OF ECONOMIC FACTORS, INCLUDING COMMERCIAL AND NOT-FO­R-P­ROFIT PUBLIC FUNDING, TO MEDIA INDUSTRIES AND THEIR PRODUCTS --

Economic factors including funding are extremely signif­icant to this indepe­ndent British co-pro­duc­tion. The funding bodies are the BFI (through National Lottery Funding) and the BBC,
This film is funded differ­ently from many mainstream films, like Black Panther who could easily source their own money.
Vast financial profits might be less important for practi­tioners working in this genre of film as they want to spread the message- but don't be mistaken, it's still a film that must pay its actors and producers, so there is still a need to get profit from the film.

-- PROCESSES OF PRODUC­TION, DISTRI­BUTION AND CIRCUL­ATION AND THE IMPACT OF DIGITALLY CONVERGENT PLATFORMS --

It was filmed largely on location (hospital, job centre, etc), features lesser known actors and doesn't rely on special effects.
The IDB website includes links to social media and the trailer offers a hashtag (#idan­iel­blake) suggesting links with Twitter, but it is worth consid­ering the ways in which the marketing might be more likely to be consumed in more tradit­ional ways.
Might an assumed older audience be more likely to see the trailer at the cinema and less likely to search for it on the internet?
It was marketed more tradit­ionally (poster campaign, trailer in cinema, etc) as well as online.

The film was exhibited at various film festivals and received a theatrical release in Britain and various other countries (including France, Spain, Brazil and Japan - although not in the USA).
It was later released on digital download and DVD/Bl­u-ray.

-- THE EFFECT OF INDIVIDUAL PRODUCERS ON MEDIA INDUSTRIES --

It may be useful to explore Ken Loach and his signif­icance as a practi­tioner in British and Global cinema - how Loach has been able to repeatedly secure funding for social realist films and the extent to which the genre itself exists in its current form due to his work.

Consider the extent to which IDB can be described as a mainstream product. Loach is a well-known successful figure in the UK and Europe but is his work mainst­ream? Does the fact he is challe­nging govern­mental policy mean he is also challe­nging mainstream opinions?

It might also be intere­sting to consider whether there exists a pre-sold audience of Loach Fans who are eager to watch his films and the extent to which this gives him license to make films that might not otherwise secure finance.

-- HOW MEDIA ORGANI­SATIONS MAINTAIN, INCLUDING THROUGH MARKETING, VARITIES OF AUDIENCES NATIONALLY AND GLOBALLY --

The marketing materials establish the status and reputation of film- positive critical comments on the poster, reference to the Palme d'Or award in the trailer, etc.
The genre (British social realist film) and director Ken Loach are important factors in mainta­ining an audience. Loach has a long history of directing work in the genre and unlike some film genres which have been impacted by technical develo­pments and special effects, might this genre be particular in its tendency to resist change?

There are specific and distinct potential audiences that the film is attempting to target through its marketing:
The trailer references the BBC, BFI and the Palme d'Or.
The trailer explores specific govern­mental policy which may also suggest audiences will have an awareness of political and social issues int he UK.
Only specific "­sta­r" identified in the trailer using intert­itles is the director Ken Loach.

-- APPLYING THEORY --
Curran & Seaton - Power and Media
Theory recap: (1) the idea that the media is controlled by a small number of companies primarily driven by the logic of profit and power. (2) the idea that media concen­tration generally limits or inhibits variety, creativity and quality. (3) the idea that more socially diverse patterns of ownership help to create the conditions for more varied and advent­urous media produc­tions.
The trailer seems to offer an experience that sits outside the logic of profit and power and may arguably also demons­trate a level of variety and creativity that does not reflect Curran and Seaton's ideas about the impact of media concen­tra­tion.
You can also talk about whether the trailer is able to offer a more advent­urous production due to socially diverse patterns of ownership or (as above) Loach's own pre-sold audience.
       
 

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