definition and history
The study of psychological and behavioral dysfunctionoccurring in mental illness or social disorganization. | ||
historical considerations
-earliest record of mental disorder is dated 6th century BCE. -Egyptian papyri with the earliest diseases and behavioural disorders treatments. -The Greek, Roman & Hebrew writings shed light on differing illnesses. -With the development of early medical concepts, views on mental illness began to change. Middle Ages-during the middle ages, a culmination of views approached (scientific, philosophical & religious) --Renaissance, scientific questioning reemerged in the form of humanism movement. world war- during world war major changes were noted in the field of psychology. -these changes can be traced thru three distinctive phases: --Magico religious models --Medical models --Psycho-social models Magico-religious model
-Belief in the Supernatural Forces controlled human behaviour. -A time when mental illness was equated to Supernatural causes** -treating them in accordance to the dominant spiritual thinking that existed (exorcism, penance) -Consisted of superstitious beliefs & horrific rituals (confinement, beating, torture, trephination, bloodletting) contd.-Subliminal suggestibility is used to manipulate the patient & their caregivers. -Most rituals practised are more inclined t cause harm than help . |
Medical model
-This model explains disorders as a bodily disease (somatogenic approach) -Hippocrates was probably considered the first to link disorders to bodily dysfunctions (Humoral theory) Categories: --Mania --melencholia --Phrenitis (brain fever) He believed if the body was taken care the mind will be alright Psycho-social model-A psychological and socio-cultural point of view -Paracelsus (1490-1541), a swiss doc was an early critique of beliefs of possession. -16th century asylums, places of refuge solely for the mentally ill grew in number -Mentally ill were excluded from mainstream society Psycho-social model pt-2-Real focus on mental illness probably started with an attempt to deinstitutionalize mentally ill and demand more humane treatment --many people fought for better treatment -Philippe Pinel (France) -William Tuke (England) -Benjamin Rush (America) -Dorthea dix (England) Psycho-social model pt-2-Real focus on mental illness probably started with an attempt to deinstitutionalize mentally ill and demand more humane treatment --many people fought for better treatment -Philippe Pinel (France) -William Tuke (England) -Benjamin Rush (America) -Dorthea dix (England) |
Psycho-social model pt-3-Start of Mental health and hygiene Movement in the 19th ce had a great impact. -20th century many reforms were made in treating mentally ill people including them in mainstream society. |
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