Muscles of the Foot Cheat Sheet (DRAFT) by Siffi

- Can mimic heel spurs and plantar fasciitis

Origin: Calcaneus, Long plantar ligament
Insertion: Tendons of FDL
NS: Lateral plantar nerve (S1,S2)
Action: Assists FDL in flexion of DIP joints

- Rolling iced rolling pin/water bottle­/golf ball good for releasing TrPs

- Locate Plantar surface of the heel and 2-5th toes
- Palpate along arch of foot, flex and relax toes

Origin: Calcaneus
Insertion: Middle Phalanges of toe 2-5
NS: Medial plantar nerve S1-S2
Action: Flexion of the lateral four digits

- Locate plantar surface of the heel and lateral surface of 5th toe
- Palpate between those points
- Ask pt to abduct­/flex 5th toe

- Can entrap posterior tibial nerve / two branches of the lateral and medial plantar nerves against the medial tarsal bones

- Locate medial surface of the heel and medial side of first toe
- Palpation between those points
- Get pt to flex first toe against resistance

Origin: Medial process of calcaneal tuberosity , plantar aponeu­rosis, flexor retina­culum
Insertion: Medial aspect of base of 1st phalanx of hallux
NS: Medial Plantar nerve S1, S2
Action: Abducts hallux

- Pain usually does not occur above ankle

- Slide two inches off the lateral malleolus
- Lateral to EDL tendons
- Get patient to extend toes against resistance

EDB
Origin: Dorsal surface of calcaneus
Insertion: Proximal dorsal region of middle phalanges 2,3,4
NS: Deep fibular Nerve L5-S1
Action: Extends digits 2-4
Can have a slip attaching onto the base of proximal phalanx of the hallux (EHB)

Origin: Plantar Aponeu­rosis
Insertion: 5th toe/ph­alanges
NS: Lateral plantar nerve S1-S3
Action: Flexion and abduction of the 5th toe

Origin: Metata­rsals, long plantar ligament
Insertion: Medial side of proximal phalanges of 3rd to 5th toe
NS: Lateral plantar nerve S2-S3
Action: Adduct toes

Origin: Metata­rsals
Insertion: Proximal phalanges
NS: Lateral plantar nerve S2-S3
Action: Abducts toes

Origin: Oblique head: Proximal ends of middle 3 metatarsal bones Transverse head: MTP, ligaments of lateral 3 toes
Insertion: Lateral side of base of 1st phalanx of the 1st toe, sesamoid apparatus
NS: Lateral Plantar Nerve S2 and S3
Action: Adducts Hallux

- Help prevents clawing of great toe

Origin: Plantar aspect of cuneif­orms, plantar calcan­eoc­uboid ligament, long plantar ligament
Insertion: Medial head: Medial sesamoid bone of the MTP joint, proximal phalanx of great toe
Lateral Head: Lateral sesamoid bone of the MTP joint, proximal phalanx of great toe
NS: Medial plantar nerve S1-S2
Action: Flex Hallux

Origin: 5th Metatarsal bone
Insertion: 1st Phalanx of the fifth toe
NS: Superf­icial branch of lateral plantar nerve S2-S3
Action: Flexion and adduction of the 5th toe

Origin: Medial borders of long flexor tendons
Insertion: Proximal phalanges and extensor tendons of the 4 lateral toes
NS: Medial and lateral plantar nerves S3
Action: Flexes MTP joints, extends interp­hal­angeal joints