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Abnormal Psychology Cheat Sheet (DRAFT) by

This is all about abnormal psychology reviewer.

This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.

ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR IN HISTORICAL CONTEXT

Psycho­logical Disorder- is a psycho­logical dysfun­ction within an individual associated with distress or impairment in functi­oning and a response that is not typical or culturally expected.
Abnormal Behavior - is the most widely accepted definition used in DSM-5 describes behavi­oral, psycho­log­ical, or biological dysfun­ctions that are unexpected in their cultural context and associated with present distress and impairment in functi­oning or increased risk of suffering, death, pain, or impair­ment.
Psycho­logical Dysfun­ction refers to a breakdown in cognitive, emotional or behavioral functi­oning.
Example:
cognitive - may nawawalang memory araw-araw at walang mapagk­aki­taan.
 
emotional- may nagjojoke tapos umiiyak ka.
 
behavioral - dapat nakaupo lang pero upo tayo ang ginawa nya.
Phobia
is a psycho­logical disorder charac­terized by marked and persistent fear of an object or situation.
Personal Distress
the criterion is satisfied if the individual is extremely upset.
 
extreme anxiety, pain or sorrow
Impairment
the state or fact of a faculty or function being weakened or damaged.
Distress and impairment are natural part of life and having only these feeling doesn't mean that you have psycho­logical disorder
Atypical/ not culturally - is a reaction is outside cultural norms or deviating from the average.
 
hindi normal ang actions mo sa lugar at culture nakina­ror­oonan mo.
 
not a soul basis.
Example
Going on stage performing naked in one culture may be considered normal and accept­able, while in others it may lead to arrest.
Danger- the state in which indivi­duals become likely to do harm either to themselves or to others, repres­enting a threat to their own or other people's safety.
Psycho­logical disorder is clinically defined as an abnorm­ality that is: DEVIANT because it goes against what is normal, DISTRE­SSFUL because not only does it upset the person but also creates an unpleasant situation for the friends and family members of the sufferers and DYSFUN­CTIONAL because it causes a person to be unable to function normally in everyday life.
the criteria defining the psycho­logical disorder are;
DYSFUN­CTION, DISTRESS, DEVIANCE, DANGER
 

THE SCIENCE OF PSYCHO­PAT­HOLOGY

Psycho­pat­hology is the scientific study of psycho­logical disorders.
 
within this field are specially trained profes­sio­nals, including clinical and counseling psycho­logist, psychi­atr­ists, psychi­atric social workers and psychi­atric nurses, as well as marriage and family therapist and mental health counse­lors.
Clinical judgment refers to the thought process (clinical reasoning) that allows healthcare providers to arrive at a conclusion (clinical decisi­on-­making) based on objective and subjective inform­ation about a patient.
Clinical psycho­logist- conduct research into the causes and treatment of psycho­logical disorders and to diagnose, assess, and treat these disorders.
Counseling psycho­logist - tend to study and treat adjustment and vocational issues encoun­tered by relatively healthy indivi­duals.
Psychi­atrists- invest­igate the nature and causes of psycho­logical disorders, often from a biological point of view; make diagnoses and offer treatment.
also,
emphasize drugs or other biological treatm­ents, although most use psycho­social treatment as well.
Psychi­atric Social Workers- they develop expertise in collecting inform­ation relevant to the social and family situation of the individual with a psycho­logical disorder.
also,
treat disorders, often concen­trating on family problems associated with them.
Marriage and Family therapist and Mental health counselors - employed to provide clinical services by hospitals or clinics, usually ally under the superv­ision of a doctoral- level clinician.
Scientist Practi­tioner are the clinical and counseling psycho­logist, psychi­atrist, psychi­atric social worker and nurses, marriage and family therapist and mental health counselors
Mental Health practi­tioners may function as scientist- practi­tioner in three ways
Consumer of science
1. Enhancing the practice.They may keep up with the latest scientific develo­pments in their field and therefore use the most current diagnostic and treatment proced­ures.
Evaluator of science
2. Determ­ining the effect­iveness of the practice.Scien­tis­t-p­rac­tit­ioner evaluate their own assess­ments or treatment procedures to see whether they work.
Creator of science
3. Conducting research that leads to new procedures useful in practice.Conduct research often in clinics or hospitals, that produces new inform­ation about disorders or their treatment, thus becoming immune to the fads that plague our field, often at the expense of the patients and their families.
Data flows from research that aims to achieve three basic things.
 
1.Clinical descri­ption. To describe psycho­logical disorders.
 
2. Causation (etiology). To determine their causes.
 
3. Treatment and outcome. To treat them.
Clinical refers both to the types of problems or disorders that you would find in a clinic or hospital and to the activities connected with assessment and treatment.
Important function of the clinical descri­ption is to specify what makes the disorder different from normal behavior or from other disorders.
Statis­tical data that used in clinical descri­ption
 
1. Prevalence of the disorder. It is how many people in the population as a whole have the disorder.
 
2. Incidence of the disorder. It is the statistic on how many new cases occur during a given period such as a year.
 
3. Sex ratio. It is what percentage of males and females have the disorder.
Individual pattern or course
 
1. Chronic course- tend to last a long time.
 
2. Episodic course- the individual is likely recover within a few months only to suffer a recurrence of the disorder at a later time.
 
3. Time limited course- the disorder will improve without treatment in a relatively short period.
Onset of disorder
Acute onset
- begin suddenly. (basta nangyare, walang mapagk­akitaan kung saan nagsim­ula.)
Insidious onset
-develop gradually over an extended period. ( natatrack ang pinags­imulan)