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Gen Chem Final Cheat sheet Cheat Sheet (DRAFT) by

General Chemistry 1 final cheat sheet

This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.

Formula's

 
C
is the speed of light, 3.00x10^8 m/s
h
is Plank's constant, 6.626x­10^-34 joule-­seconds (Jxs)
Λ
Wavelength is usually expressed in nanometers
F
frequency is given in cycles per second (1/s) or Hertz (Hz)
E
is energy is in joules
c=Λf E=hf
E=hc/Λ
Density = M/V
Average Mass= Σ(Fraction abundance * isotopic mass)
Formula Charge
# of valence electrons - # of lone pairs - 1/2 # of bonding electrons
Bond order
(# of bonding atoms) - (# of antibo­nding electr­ons)/2
Percent comp
%H=mass of H/mass of compound *100%
Mass Percent
M/M=Mass of Solute­/Mass of solute (g) + solvent *100%
 
Mass of Solute­/Mass of solution *100%
Concen­tration of solute
Amount of solute­/amount of solution
M=moles of solute­/liters of solute
Volume percent
V/V=Volume of solute­/volume of solution * 100%
Mass/V­olume percent
M/V= Mass of solute­/Volume of solution *100%
PPM
Mass of solute­/Mass of solution *10^6
PPB
Mass of solute­/Mass solution *10^9
Percentage yield
Actual yield/­the­ore­tical yield * 100

constants

Avogadro's
6.02x10^23 moles
R (Pv=nRT)
0.08206 Lmol/katm
Volume of Gas
22.4L
 

General

Diatomic Elements: N2, H2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2
Molecular compound: Non-metal + Non-metal (Should use prefixes)
Ionic compound: Metal + Non-metal (Should not use prefixes)
Oxidation = loss of electrons
Reduction = Gain of electrons
Aufbau - the ground state of an atom or ion, electrons fill subshells the lowest energy level

STP's

Atmosphere
ATM
Millim­eters of mercury
mm Hg
Pascal
Pa
Inches of mercury
in Hg
Pounds per square inch
PSI
1 Atm = 760 mm Hg = 760 torr
1 Atm= 1.013x­10^5Pa = 101.3 kPa
1 Atm= 29.92 in Hg = 14.69 psi
Pv=nRT
P=Pressure
 
v=volume
 
n=Number of moles
 
R=0.08206 L.mol/­k.atm
 
T=Temp­erature

Boyle's, Charles, Daltons Law

Boyle's law equation
P1V1=P2V2
Charles law equation
V1/T1=­V2/T2 (Cross multiply)
Daltons law equation
P=(Sum of partial pressu­res­)=P­1+P2...
Modern atomic theory
Boyles law-The volume of gas varies inversely with pressure
Charles law- The volume of gas is directly propor­tional to its temper­ature in kelvins
Daltons law- That in a mixture of non-re­acting gases, the total pressure exerted is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases
Modern atomic theory- Describes an electron as not occupying a circular orbit at a fixed distance
  

Ions

 
An Ion with a positive charge has more protons than electrons

Polyatomic Ions

C2H3O2- Acetate
OH- Hydroxide
NH4+ Ammonium
ClO- Hypoch­lorite
CO3^2- Carbonate
NO3- Nitrate
ClO3- Chlorate
NO2- Nitrite
ClO2- Chlorite
C2O4^2- Oxalate
CrO4^2- Chromate
ClO4- Perchl­orate
CN- Cyanide
MnO4- Perman­ganate
Cr2O7^2- Dichromate
PO4^3- Phospate
HCO3- Bicarb­onate
SO4^2- Sulfate
 
SO3^2- Sulfite

Unit Conversion

Kilo
10^3
Hecto
10^2
Deca
10^1
Base Unit
10^0
Deci
10^-1
Centi
10^-2
Milli
10^-3
Meter
0.01
1000m are in 1km
1000g are in 1kg
2.54cm are in 1in
1000mL are in 1L

Naming conven­tions

ite
only used with oxygen (lower # of oxygen)
ate
only used with oxygen (higher # of oxygen)
ide
when the non metal is the second compound
ous
polyatomic ions ending in ite
ic
polyatomic ions ending in ate
Acids are only with anions and polyatomic ions
HCl, which contains the anion chloride, is called hydroc­hloric acid.
HCN, which contains the anion cyanide, is called hydroc­yanic acid.
HNO3, which contains the polyatomic ion nitrate, is called nitric acid.
HNO2, which contains the polyatomic ion nitrite, is called nitrous acid.