This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.
What is schizophrenia?
>Psychotic disorder that affects 1% (approx.) of the population
>Sufferers cannot distinguish between reality and their perceptions |
Symptoms of schizophrenia
Positive |
Negative |
>an excess or distortion of normal functions |
>where normal functions are limited |
>e.g. hallucinations (hearing voices, seeing things that aren't there) |
>e.g. speech poverty (inability to produce clear and coherent speech) |
>e.g. delusions (unrealistic thoughts - often of threats) |
>e.g. broadcasting (believing your thoughts are being broadcast to people) |
>e.g. psychomotor disturbances (repetitive behaviours) |
>e.g. avolition (distinct lack of motivation) |
>e.g. catatonia (same position for hours/days) |
>e.g. thought disorders (loose associations) |
Diagnosis and classification of schizophrenia
>using DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual) or ICD (International Classification of Disease) |
>ICD has types of schizophrenia, DSM does not |
>DSM at least one positive symptom to be diagnosed, ICD only two negative symptoms |
Reliability |
>different clinicians using the same system should come to the same diagnosis |
>Jakobson et al (2005) ~ tested ICD-10 reliability ~100 Danish patients with history of psychosis assesses ~ 98% concordance rate |
>comorbidity ~ patients can suffer from two or more mental disorders ~ makes it hard to confidently identify schizophrenia |
>symptom overlap ~ e.g. major depression and schizophrenia both have low motivation ~ reduces reliability |
>gender bias ~ Loring and Pwell (1988) found some behaviour was regarded psychotic in males but not in females |
Validity |
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