This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.
B-lymphocytes
mature in bone marrow
different B cells create different antibody molecules
B cells differentiate into plasma and memory cells
plasma cells secrete antibodies |
T-Lymphocytes
T cells have T cell receptors that are specific to one antigen -> when they encounter said antigen, they divide by mitosis
T-helper cells release cytokines to stimulate B cells to secrete antibodies
T-killer cells realese toxic substance to kill invaded cell |
Creating antibodies
B cells bind to antigens and get activated then they undergo clonal expansion and are stimulated by T-helper cells to produce plasma cells that secrete antibodies |
monoclonal antibodies
identical antibodies produced in a lab
-> mouse vaxxed w/ target antigens
-> B cells are stimulated to produce antibodies against target antigen
-> B cells fuse with tumour cells (hybridoma cells created) |
|
|
Antigens Vs Antibodies
Antigens are foreign molecules that trigger an immune response (on surface of pathogens) |
Antibodies are proteins that are made with a specific shape to match the antigen detected |
Phagocytosis
allows phagocytes (macrophages and neutrophils) to ingest and kill invading pathogens.
1. Attachment
2. Engulfment
3. Intracellular killing |
|
|
active natural immunity
Antigens from environment |
active artificial immunity
antigens are introduced via injection |
passive natural immunity
antibodies pass from mother to infant through placenta (breast milk) |
passive artificial immunity
antibodies are introduced via injection |
|
|
|
