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Topic 4 biology Cheat Sheet (DRAFT) by

topic 4 bio cheatsheet

This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.

Definition of classi­fic­ation

A means of organising the variety of life based on relati­onships between organisms using differ­ences and simila­rities in phenotypes and in genotypes.

Definition of niche

• the way an organism exploits (uses) its enviro­nment
• the role an organism plays in its enviro­nment
Note: Use both these defini­tions in an exam just in case.

Core practicals

CP 6
CP 7
CP 8
CP 9

Definition of molecular phylogeny

1. idea of molecular { differ­ences / simila­rities } ;
2. in { DNA / RNA } ;
3. in proteins / proteomics ;
4. idea of (evolu­tio­nary) relati­onships between organisms ;
Answer: Molecular phylogeny is a scientific approach that explores the evolut­ionary relati­onships among organisms by analyzing their genetic material, such as DNA and RNA, and the variations in proteins. This method helps scientists understand the evolut­ionary relati­onships between organisms using a tree.
 

Index of biodiv­ersity

Note: N is the total number of organisms of all species and n is the number of organisms in a single species.

Hetero­zyg­osity index

Note: The higher the number of hetero­zyg­otes, the higher the genetic diversity.

Hardy Weinburg equation

Note: Hardy Weinburg equation can be used to see whether a change in allele frequency is occurring in a population over time.
  

Structure of starch

• starch is a polysa­cch­aride made from alpha glucose
• monomers in the chain are joined­/linked together by 1-4 glycosidic bonds
• starch contains { unbranched chains / amylose } and { branched chains / amylop­ectin }
• branches are joined together by 1-6 glycosidic bonds