Cheatography
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FLUID VOLUME DEFICIT
Fluid intake is less than needed to meet body requirements |
The most common type is isotonic dehydration |
CONTRUBUTING FACTORS
Excess GI and/or renal loss |
Diaphoresis |
Fever |
Long term NPO status |
Hemorrhage |
Insufficient intake |
Burns |
Diuretic therapy |
Aging: older adults have less body water and decreased thirst sensation |
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MANIFESTATIONS
Weight loss |
Dry mucous membranes |
Increased HR & respirations |
Thready pulse |
Capillary refill less than 3 sec |
Weakness, fatigue |
Orthostatic hypotension |
Poor skin turgor |
LATE SIGNS: oliguria, decreased central venous pressure (CVP), flattened neck veins |
DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES
Serum electrolytes, BUN, creatinine, Hct (can be high due to hemoconcentration) |
Urine: specific gravity and osmolarity |
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MEDICATIONS
Electrolyte replacement |
Intravenous fluids |
NURSING INTERVENTIONS
Monitor vital signs, pulse quality & amplitude |
Monitor skin turgor. In older adults, check skin over sternum or forehead. |
Maintain strict I&O. Output should be at least 0.5 mL/kg/hr. |
Weight pt daily |
Monitor laboratory data |
Correct underlying cause |
Increase oral fluid intake. Initiate oral rehydration solution. |
Maintain IV fluids for severe dehydration as prescribed |
Monitor response to therapy |
Initiate fall precautions |
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