Biology - The Fundamentals of Genetics Cheat Sheet by Eunicornz

The "­Father of Geneti­cs"

Used peas because

easy to grow, relatively short time period per generation (3 months), self-p­oll­ina­ting, and created purebreds

True-b­reeding

7 simple traits without genetic variation

Homologous chromo­somes contain genes for the same traits

The genotype is the alleles received at fertil­ization

F¹ plants resembled one parent

1.Dominant

masks recessive

Homozygous Dominant

two dominant alleles (BB)

Hetero­zygous

one dominant and one recessive allele (Bb)

When 2 or more genes control a trait

Eye Color

blue (light melanin) + brown (a lot of melanin)

Unknown genotype x known genotype

performed with homozygous recessive

The mathem­atical chance of an event occuring

Law of Probab­ility

in the case where there are several possible outcomes and the chances are equally likely, they will even out to follow the predicted probab­ility in large sample sizes

Ex.) red + white = pink

neither alleles are completely dominant

homozygous dominant

RR

hetero­zygous

RR'

neither allele is dominant or recessive

3 phenotypes

red coat

RR

mixed

RW