Dictators threaten world peace
Treaty of Versailles causes anger, resentment in Europe |
1924 Joseph Stalin takes over Russia |
Totalitarian government exerts almost complete control over people |
Benito Mussolini takes over Italy plays on fears of economic collapse and communism
Fascism stresses nationalism, needs of state above individual |
Adolf Hitler: takes over Germany leader of National Socialist German Workers' Party
Mein Kampf - basic beliefs of Nazism based on extreme nationalism |
1932, 6 million unemployed; many men join Hitler's private army, The Brownshirts!
Nazis become strongest political party |
Govt. led by General Hideki Tojo who ruled "for" the Emperor of Japan: Hirhito |
1933, Hitler quits League; 1935, begins military buildup
Sends troups into Rhineland, League does nothing to stop him |
1936, General Francisco Franco rebels against Spanish republic
Spanish Civil War begins |
Hitler, Mussolini back Franco; Stalin aids opposition
Both sides test weapons
(Acts Almost like a practice run) |
War leads to Rome-Berlin Axis - alliance between Italy and Germany |
1939, Franco wins Sp. Civil war, becomes fascist dictator |
1935 Neutrality Act try to keep U.S. out of future wars
Outlaws arms sales, loans to nations at war |
America Moves Toward War
1939, FDR persuades Congress to pass "cash-and-carry" |
"all aid short of war" |
Germany, Japan, Italy sign Tripartite Pact, mutual defense treaty become known as Axis Powers |
Nazi victories in 1940 lead to increased U.S. defense spending |
FDR re elected with 55% of votes |
U.S. must become Arsenal of Democracy We decide to do this to Defeat the Axis and make profits/jobs |
1941 Lend Lease Act: U.S. lend or lease supplies to the Allies for defense (allies don't have to pay in advance) Gets US around our Neutrality laws |
1941, Hitler breaks pact with Stalin, invades Soviet Union |
Hitler deploys U-boats to attack supply convoys |
Wolf packs- groups of up to 40 submarines patrol North Atlantic. they sink supply ships
- FDR allows navy to attack German U-boats in self-defense |
FDR' Churchill issue Atlantic Charter - joint declaration of war aims: Germany defeated first... |
Allies: USA, Great Britain, Russia and 26 other nations sign Declaration to fight Axis |
Hideki Tojo - chief of staff of army that invades China, prime minister |
U.S. cuts off trade (mainly oil and steel) |
Japan needs oil from U.S. or must take Dutch East Indies oil fields which are protected by the US fleet |
1941 U.S. breaks Japanese codes; (code purple) learns Japan planning to attack U.S. |
December 7, 1941 Japanese attack Pearl Harbor
-2,403 Americans killed; 1,178 wounded |
Over 300 aircraft, 21 ships destroyed or damaged |
U.S. aircraft carriers were at sea |
Congress approves FDR's request for declaration of war against japan
-Immediate shift in American Sentiment |
Germany, Italy declare war on U.S. on Dec 11 |
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War in Europe
Majority of Austrians are German, favor unification with Germany |
1938, German troops march into Austria unopposed, union complete called Anschluss |
LEAGUE OF NATIONS DOES NOTHING TO STOP GERMANY |
1938, Prime Minister Daladier, Neville Chamberlain of England meet with Hitler
Sign Munich Agreement, hand Sudetenland over to Germany |
Neville Chamberlain and the British use the policy of: *** Appeasment *** giving up principles to pacify an aggressor |
Winston Churchill condemns appeasement policy, warns war will follow |
Stalin, Hitler sign Non-aggression pact: will not attack each other
Sign second, secret pact agreeing to divide Poland between them |
Sept, 1st 1939, Hitler invades and overruns Poland in blitzkrieg, lightining war/ Official Start of WW2
Germany annexed western Poland; U.S.S.R. attacked, annexes east |
France, Britain declare war on Germany; World War II officially begins |
British, French trapped on Dunkirk; ferried to safety in UK
France falls; Germans occupy northern France |
General Charles De Gaule sets up govt.- in-exile in England |
Battle of Britain: German planes bomb British targets ONLY battle of WW2 takes place in the air |
Britain uses radar to track German planes, Brit planes can then find and shoot down German planes. BRITS WIN after Months of fighting |
Hitler calls off invasion of Britain |
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The Holocaust
The Execution of 6 million Jews and over 5 million "Non Aryan" People. |
Anti-Semitism (Anti-Jewish) |
Hitler Blamed Jews for Losing WWI and the lack of jobs |
Nazis Pass the Nuremberg Laws of 1935 |
Kristallnacht - November 9th-10th |
Nazis destroy Jewish Homes, Businesses, and Synagogues |
The Plights of the St. Louis
- Tries to land passengers in Cuba
- Coast Guard prevents passengers on St. Louis from disembarking
- Ship forced to return to Europe; 1/3 passengers killed in Holocaust |
Hitlers final Solution German Genocide of Inferior Groups
Genocide: The deliberate, systematic killing of an entire population |
Forced Relocation
Jews forced into ghettos, segregated areas in Polish cities |
Concentration Camps
Many Jews taken to concentration camps, or labor camps
-Families were seperated |
Mass Exterminations
By the Spring of 1941: Germans start to build death camps; gas chambers used to kill thousands |
About 6 million Jews murdered in death camps, massacres |
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