Python sys Variables
argv |
Command line args |
builtin_module_names |
Linked C modules |
byteorder |
Native byte order |
check_interval |
Signal check frequency |
exec_prefix |
Root directory |
executable |
Name of executable |
exitfunc |
Exit function name |
modules |
Loaded modules |
path |
Search path |
platform |
Current platform |
stdin, stdout, stderr |
File objects for I/O |
version_info |
Python version info |
winver |
Version number |
Python sys.argv
sys.argv[0] |
foo.py |
sys.argv[1] |
bar |
sys.argv[2] |
-c |
sys.argv[3] |
qux |
sys.argv[4] |
--h |
sys.argv for the command:
$ python foo.py bar -c qux --h
Python os Variables
altsep |
Alternative sep |
curdir |
Current dir string |
defpath |
Default search path |
devnull |
Path of null device |
extsep |
Extension separator |
linesep |
Line separator |
name |
Name of OS |
pardir |
Parent dir string |
pathsep |
Patch separator |
sep |
Path separator |
Registered OS names: "posix", "nt",
"mac", "os2", "ce", "java", "riscos"
Python Class Special Methods
__new__(cls) |
__lt__(self, other) |
__init__(self, args) |
__le__(self, other) |
__del__(self) |
__gt__(self, other) |
__repr__(self) |
__ge__(self, other) |
__str__(self) |
__eq__(self, other) |
__cmp__(self, other) |
__ne__(self, other) |
__index__(self) |
__nonzero__(self) |
__hash__(self) |
__getattr__(self, name) |
__getattribute__(self, name) |
__setattr__(self, name, attr) |
__delattr__(self, name) |
__call__(self, args, kwargs) |
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Python List Methods
append(item) |
pop(position) |
count(item) |
remove(item) |
extend(list) |
reverse() |
index(item) |
sort() |
insert(position, item) |
Python String Methods
capitalize() * |
lstrip() |
center(width) |
partition(sep) |
count(sub, start, end) |
replace(old, new) |
decode() |
rfind(sub, start ,end) |
encode() |
rindex(sub, start, end) |
endswith(sub) |
rjust(width) |
expandtabs() |
rpartition(sep) |
find(sub, start, end) |
rsplit(sep) |
index(sub, start, end) |
rstrip() |
isalnum() * |
split(sep) |
isalpha() * |
splitlines() |
isdigit() * |
startswith(sub) |
islower() * |
strip() |
isspace() * |
swapcase() * |
istitle() * |
title() * |
isupper() * |
translate(table) |
join() |
upper() * |
ljust(width) |
zfill(width) |
lower() * |
Methods marked * are locale dependant for 8-bit strings.
Python File Methods
close() |
readlines(size) |
flush() |
seek(offset) |
fileno() |
tell() |
isatty() |
truncate(size) |
next() |
write(string) |
read(size) |
writelines(list) |
readline(size) |
Python Indexes and Slices
len(a) |
6 |
a[0] |
0 |
a[5] |
5 |
a[-1] |
5 |
a[-2] |
4 |
a[1:] |
[1,2,3,4,5] |
a[:5] |
[0,1,2,3,4] |
a[:-2] |
[0,1,2,3] |
a[1:3] |
[1,2] |
a[1:-1] |
[1,2,3,4] |
a[::-1] |
[5,4,3,2,1] |
a[::-2] |
[5,3,1] |
b=a[:] |
Shallow copy of a |
Indexes and Slices of a=[0,1,2,3,4,5]
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Python Datetime Methods
today() |
fromordinal(ordinal) |
now(timezoneinfo) |
combine(date, time) |
utcnow() |
strptime(date, format) |
fromtimestamp(timestamp) |
utcfromtimestamp(timestamp) |
Python Time Methods
replace() |
utcoffset() |
isoformat() |
dst() |
__str__() |
tzname() |
strftime(format) |
Python Date Formatting
%a |
Abbreviated weekday (Sun) |
%A |
Weekday (Sunday) |
%b |
Abbreviated month name (Jan) |
%B |
Month name (January) |
%c |
Date and time |
%d |
Day (leading zeros) (01 to 31) |
%H |
24 hour (leading zeros) (00 to 23) |
%I |
12 hour (leading zeros) (01 to 12) |
%j |
Day of year (001 to 366) |
%m |
Month (01 to 12) |
%M |
Minute (00 to 59) |
%p |
AM or PM |
%S |
Second (00 to 61⁴) |
%U |
Week number¹ (00 to 53) |
%w |
Weekday² (0 to 6) |
%W |
Week number³ (00 to 53) |
%x |
Date |
%X |
Time |
%y |
Year without century (00 to 99) |
%Y |
Year (2008) |
%Z |
Time zone (GMT) |
%% |
A literal "%" character (%) |
¹ Sunday as start of week. All days in a new year preceding the first Sunday are considered to be in week 0.
² 0 is Sunday, 6 is Saturday.
³ Monday as start of week. All days in a new year preceding the first Monday are considered to be in week 0.
⁴ This is not a mistake. Range takes account of leap and double-leap seconds.
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Created By
https://aloneonahill.com
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Comments
This is a great cheatsheet. I'd add a few things, though I don't know what I would remove. I'd add dictionary methods, built-in functions (http://docs.python.org/library/functions.html), and the regular expression functions, since they are odd and I can never remember which one returns what.
Hi Dave, thanks for the opensource information. From a Newbie Pythionista wannabe
Thank you, Dave, for your generosity. This will be helpful in a course I'm taking on 'Programming Fundamentals with Python'.
I would add:
with patterns and how to roll your own;
list comprehensions;
generators and methods of making them;
decorators;
getattr, hasattr, setattr.
At least I ask people that say they really know python well about these things.
Missing, reverse a string
>>> 'hello world'[::-1]
'dlrow olleh'
Not "patch"
os.pathsep
The character conventionally used by the operating system to separate search path components (as in PATH), such as colon for POSIX or semicolon for Windows. Also available via os.path.
Curious, is there a way to download this as a PDF? I'm sometimes away but I like to carry stuff like this with me. Thank you.
Cosmin - click the "Download" link at the top-right of the sheet.
My thanks also to Dave Child for this tool - your work is much appreciated.
@cosmin - if you click on the thumbnail image to the right of the comments it will pop up a window where you can download the PDF.
There seems to be some UTF-8 weirdness with the footnote superscripts in the date formatting section.
Thanks codeman, I've fixed it.
Are model names capitalized or not?
How about references to models in views.py or forms.py etc?
It looks like Flask might do this but not clear.
Does it even matter?
Thanks!
Thanks Dave.
nice cheat sheet
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