Python sys Variables
argv |
Command line args |
builtin_module_names |
Linked C modules |
byteorder |
Native byte order |
check_interval |
Signal check frequency |
exec_prefix |
Root directory |
executable |
Name of executable |
exitfunc |
Exit function name |
modules |
Loaded modules |
path |
Search path |
platform |
Current platform |
stdin, stdout, stderr |
File objects for I/O |
version_info |
Python version info |
winver |
Version number |
Python List Methods
append(item) |
pop(position) |
count(item) |
remove(item) |
extend(list) |
reverse() |
index(item) |
sort() |
insert(position, item) |
Python Time Methods
replace() |
utcoffset() |
isoformat() |
dst() |
__str__() |
tzname() |
strftime(format) |
Python Class Special Methods
__new__(cls) |
__lt__(self, other) |
__init__(self, args) |
__le__(self, other) |
__del__(self) |
__gt__(self, other) |
__repr__(self) |
__ge__(self, other) |
__str__(self) |
__eq__(self, other) |
__cmp__(self, other) |
__ne__(self, other) |
__index__(self) |
__nonzero__(self) |
__hash__(self) |
__getattr__(self, name) |
__getattribute__(self, name) |
__setattr__(self, name, attr) |
__delattr__(self, name) |
__call__(self, args, kwargs) |
Python Indexes and Slices
len(a) |
6 |
a[0] |
0 |
a[5] |
5 |
a[-1] |
5 |
a[-2] |
4 |
a[1:] |
[1,2,3,4,5] |
a[:5] |
[0,1,2,3,4] |
a[:-2] |
[0,1,2,3] |
a[1:3] |
[1,2] |
a[1:-1] |
[1,2,3,4] |
b=a[:] |
Shallow copy of a |
Indexes and Slices of a=[0,1,2,3,4,5] |
Arithmetic Operators
x + y |
add |
x - y |
subtract |
x * y |
multiply |
x / y |
divide |
x % y |
modulus |
x ** y |
xy |
Assignment shortcuts: x op= y
Example: x += 1 increments x
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Python sys.argv
sys.argv[0] |
foo.py |
sys.argv[1] |
bar |
sys.argv[2] |
-c |
sys.argv[3] |
qux |
sys.argv[4] |
--h |
sys.argv for the command: $ python foo.py bar -c qux --h |
Python File Methods
close() |
readlines(size) |
flush() |
seek(offset) |
fileno() |
tell() |
isatty() |
truncate(size) |
next() |
write(string) |
read(size) |
writelines(list) |
readline(size) |
Python String Methods
capitalize() * |
lstrip() |
center(width) |
partition(sep) |
count(sub, start, end) |
replace(old, new) |
decode() |
rfind(sub, start ,end) |
encode() |
rindex(sub, start, end) |
endswith(sub) |
rjust(width) |
expandtabs() |
rpartition(sep) |
find(sub, start, end) |
rsplit(sep) |
index(sub, start, end) |
rstrip() |
isalnum() * |
split(sep) |
isalpha() * |
splitlines() |
isdigit() * |
startswith(sub) |
islower() * |
strip() |
isspace() * |
swapcase() * |
istitle() * |
title() * |
isupper() * |
translate(table) |
join() |
upper() * |
ljust(width) |
zfill(width) |
lower()* Methods marked are locale dependant for 8-bit strings. |
Data Types
Integer |
-256, 15 |
Float |
-253.23, 1.253e-10 |
String |
"Hello", 'Goodbye', """Multiline""" |
Boolean |
True, False |
List |
[ value, ... ] |
Tuple |
( value, ... )1 |
Dictionary |
{ key: value, ... } |
Set |
{ value, value, ... }2 |
1 Parentheses usually optional
2 Create an empty set with set()
Conversion Functions
int(expr) |
Converts expr to integer |
float(expr) |
Converts expr to float |
str(expr) |
Converts expr to string |
chr(num) |
ASCII char num |
Conversion Functions
int(expr) |
Converts expr to integer |
Conversion Functions
int(expr) |
Converts expr to integer |
Conversion Functions
int(expr) |
Converts expr to integer |
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Python Datetime Methods
today() |
fromordinal(ordinal) |
now(timezoneinfo) |
combine(date, time) |
utcnow() |
strptime(date, format) |
fromtimestamp(timestamp) |
utcfromtimestamp(timestamp) |
Python os Variables
altsep |
Alternative sep |
curdir |
Current dir string |
defpath |
Default search path |
devnull |
Path of null device |
extsep |
Extension separator |
linesep |
Line separator |
name |
Name of OS |
pardir |
Parent dir string |
pathsep |
Patch separator |
sep |
Path separator |
Registered OS names: "posix", "nt", "mac", "os2", "ce", "java", "riscos" |
Python Date Formatting
%a |
Abbreviated weekday (Sun) |
¹ Sunday as start of week. All days in a new year preceding the first Sunday are considered to be in week 0.
² 0 is Sunday, 6 is Saturday.
³ Monday as start of week. All days in a new year preceding the first Monday are considered to be in week 0.
⁴ This is not a mistake. Range takes account of leap and double-leap seconds.
Python Date Formatting
%a |
Abbreviated weekday (Sun) |
%A |
Weekday (Sunday) |
%b |
Abbreviated month name (Jan) |
%B |
Month name (January) |
%c |
Date and time |
%d |
Day (leading zeros) (01 to 31) |
%H |
24 hour (leading zeros) (00 to 23) |
%I |
12 hour (leading zeros) (01 to 12) |
%j |
Day of year (001 to 366) |
%m |
Month (01 to 12) |
%M |
Minute (00 to 59) |
%p |
AM or PM |
%S |
Second (00 to 61⁴) |
%U |
Week number¹ (00 to 53) |
%w |
Weekday² (0 to 6) |
%W |
Week number³ (00 to 53) |
%x |
Date |
%X |
Time |
%y |
Year without century (00 to 99) |
%Y |
Year (2008) |
%Z |
Time zone (GMT) |
%% |
A literal "%" character (%) |
¹ Sunday as start of week. All days in a new year preceding the first Sunday are considered to be in week 0.
² 0 is Sunday, 6 is Saturday.
³ Monday as start of week. All days in a new year preceding the first Monday are considered to be in week 0.
⁴ This is not a mistake. Range takes account of leap and double-leap seconds.
Arithmetic Operators
Assignment shortcuts: x op= y
Example: x += 1 increments x
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Created By
https://zenscrape.com/web-scraping-with-python
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Awesome resource - thanks Christoph and Zenscrape.com!
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