/bin/ |
Binaries ( basic shell commands, like ls
, cat
, grep
, etc.) |
/sbin/ |
System Binaries ( binaries that a system admin would use. A standard user typically needs permissions to access these. Both bin
and sbin
are needed to be accessed in single mode, a special mode that boots you as root user to do repairs and upgrades |
/boot/ |
Boot Loaders |
/dev/ |
Devices ( hardware, including webcams and keyboards; hard drive "a" would be /dev/sda
and the first partition on that hard drive would be /dev/sda1
) |
/etc/ |
Et Cetera
(where all system-wide configurations are stored*) |
/home/ |
Home ( all your personal files, documents, and downloads; user settings are also stored here in hidden files (those beginning with a "."), namely the .bashrc
or .local
for individual application or desktop settings.) |
/lib/, /lib32/, /lib64/ |
Libraries
(files that binaries need to run certain application settings) |
/media/ |
Flash Drives
(removable drives and devices; Linux automatically installs these) |
/mnt/ |
Mounted Drives
(permanent storage) |
/opt/ |
Optional
(manually installed software from vendors and some repositories) |
/proc/ |
System Processes and Resources
(processes being run in your system/task manager) |
/root/ |
Root User's Home Folder |
/run/ |
Run
(tempfs file system; everything in it runs in RAM, so files are created as startup and deleted at shutdown; Used for processes that start early in the boot procedure) |
/snap/ |
Snap Packages
(mainly used by Ubuntu; completely self-contained packages) |
/srv/ |
Services
(where service data is stored; typically a place to store files you want a server to access if you run a server) |
/sys/ |
System
(a way to interact with the Linux kernel; everything in here runs in RAM, so files are created at startup and deleted at shutdown) |
/usr/ |
User Applications ( where user applications are stored; applications installed here considered non-essential for basic system operation; Installed applications are stored in /usr/bin
, /usr/sbin
, /usr/local/bin
, usr/local/sbin
and their libraries in /usr/lib
, /usr/local/lib
; Most programs installed from source code are in the local
folders and larger programs in /usr/share
) |
/var/ |
Variable ( used to store files that grow in size, like /var/crash
for crashes, /var/log/
for program logs, and things like databases for mail and the printer spool, etc.) |
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