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\author{yvvhan}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (ap-psych-personal-help-xd.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (yvvhan)
  /Subject (AP psych personal help xd Cheat Sheet)
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{AP psych personal help xd Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{yvvhan} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/212837/cs/46332/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}yvvhan \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/yvvhan} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 15th May, 2025.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
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\begin{document}
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.38896 cm} x{2.58804 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Anxiety Disorders + OCD x PTSD}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Social Anxiety Disorder & intense fear of social situations, fear of judgement \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Generalized Anxiety Disorder & excessive + uncontrollable worry that persists for 6+ months, constantly in state of ANS arousal \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 5)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Panic Disorder & unpredictable, minute long episodes of intense dread, might experience terror/panic attack symptoms \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 5)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Specific Phobia & persistent, irrational fear of something (ex. arachnophobia: spiders) \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 4)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Obsessive-Compulsive} Disorder (OCD) & unwanted repetitive thoughts (the obsession), actions followed (the compulsion) \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 4)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) & haunting memories, nightmares, avoidance of trauma-related stimuli 4+w after traumatic event \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.18988 cm} x{2.78712 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Depressive/Psychotic Disorders}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Major Depressive Disorder & experiences \textgreater{}= 5 symptoms, depressed mood (2+w) \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Persistent Depressive Disorder & aka dysthymia, feel depressed for most days for 2yrs+ (milder form of depression) \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Bipolar I & experiencing euphoric, talkative, highly energetic state, lasting w+ \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Bipolar II & less severe form of bipolar disorder, switch between depression x milder hypomania \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 4)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder & hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech/thinking x motor movement, negative symptoms \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 5)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Hallucinations & false perceptions - auditory/visual, tactile (skin sensation), distorted taste/smell \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 4)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Delusions & persecution (paranoia) x grandeur (wow i'm him) x sin/guilt (he forgot to take trash out, that's why he died) x influence ("the devil told me to do it") \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 7)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{symptoms include: reduced interest in activities, challenges regarding appetite/weight/sleep, feeling worthless, suicide ideation}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Personality Disorders}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Cluster A & odd, eccentric thinking \& behavior \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Cluster B & dramatic, overly emotional, unpredictable thinking \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Cluster C & anxious, fearful thinking \& behavior \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Paranoid Personality Disorder & (a) suspicious \& distrust in others \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Schizoid Personality Disorder & (a) social detachment, limited emotional expression \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Schizotypal Personality Disorder & (a) intense social discomfort, behavioral eccentricity \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) & (b) impulsivity, unstable relationships x self image \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 3)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
Histrionic Personality Disorder & (b) attention seeking, excessive emotionality \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 3)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Antisocial Personality Disorder & (b) exhibits lack of wrongdoing conscience, can be ruthless/aggressive, \seqsplit{manipulates/exploits} others for personal gain \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 6)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
Narcissistic Personality Disorder & (b) grandiosity, looking for admiration, lack empathy, feeling of superiority \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 4)
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\vfill
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Personality Disorders (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 10
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Avoidant Personality Disorder & (c) social inhibition, feeling inadequate \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
Dependent Personality Disorder & (c) submissive, emotional neediness (heavily dependent on someone else, i assume.) \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 5)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Obsessive-Compulsive} Personality Disorder & (c) (NOT OCD) pervasive pattern of perfectionism, orderliness, and control \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.18988 cm} x{2.78712 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Perception (Visual)}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Cornea & light enters; bends light to provide focus (refraction) \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Pupil & adjustable, small opening \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Iris & dilates/constricts in response to light \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Lens & transparent structure, changes shape to help focus image on retina \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Retina & light-sensitive back inner surface, contains cones + rods x layers of neurons that process visual info \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 5)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Cones & see color, finer details in fit conditions \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Rods & see grayscale, helps us see in dark \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
Ganglion Cells & transmits visual info -\textgreater{} brain via optic nerve \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 3)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Bipolar Cells & transmits photoreceptor info (cone/rods) to ganglion cells \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 3)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
Feature Detectors & nerve cells in visual cortex that responds to specific elements; edges, lines, movement \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 4)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Fovea & responsible for high-acuity vision, retinal area of focus \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 3)
\end{tabularx}
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\vfill
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.18988 cm} x{2.78712 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Perception (Visual) (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Optic Nerve & nerve fibers that transmit visual info to brain, made of ganglion cells \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{white}
Blind Spot & no receptor cells, optic nerve leaves eye \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Young-Helmholtz Trichroma Theory & when the 3 RGB receptors combine, they can produce perception of any color \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 4)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{Opponent-Processing} Theory & we perceive colors in terms of opposing pairs: red/green x blue/yellow x white/black \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.94103 cm} x{3.03597 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Perception (Auditory/Miscellaneous)}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Amplitude & physical strength of a wave, determines {\emph{volume}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Pitch & sound's high/low, frequency of wave determined in hz; x frequency \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Frequency & complete wavelengths that pass a point in given time; x pitch \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Cochlea & snail-like bone in inner ear, soundwaves traveling through fluid trigger neural impulses \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 4)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Middle Ear & concentrate vibrations of eardrum on cochlea's oval window - hammer x anvil x stirrup \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 4)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Sensorineural Hearing Loss & damage to cochlea hair cells/nerves \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Conduction Hearing Loss & damage to eardrum/middle ear bones \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
Frequency Theory & rate of nerve impulses traveling up to auditory nerve matches with frequency of a tone, enabling us to sense pitch {[}LOW, NOT HIGH{]} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 6)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Place Theory & links pitch w/ cochlea membranes, stimulated {[}HIGH, NOT LOW{]} \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 3)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
Volley Principle & neurons can't fire more than 1,000/s, rapidly alt. fire for +efficiency \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.23965 cm} x{2.73735 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Memory Encoding}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Encoding & process of moving info into memory system (hippocampus) \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Storage & retention of encoded material over time \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Retrieval & getting the information out of memory system \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Sensory Memory & brief, initial split second encoding for all sensory info \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Iconic Memory & fleeting, visual memory (0.5s) \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Echoic Memory & momentary, auditory memory (0.5-4s) \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Working Memory & encode from sensory memory, goes to short term memory - "scratchpad" \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 4)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
Long Term Memory & no limit/capacity, unlimited storage \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Visuospatial Sketchpad & info about objects in relation to space - ex. where a car is parked \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 4)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
Phonological Loop & holds auditory info in short term - ex. reciting phone \# in head until you can write it down \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 5)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Explicit (declarative) Memory & facts/experiences we know - the "what" \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 2)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.23965 cm} x{2.73735 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Memory Encoding (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Implicit (non-declarative) Memory & skills learnt, conditioned association - the "how" \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{* magic 7+-2}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.9908 cm} x{2.9862 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sleep}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
nREM-1 & alpha waves, hallucination, hypnagogic sensations \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
nREM-2 & theta waves, sleep spindles \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
nREM-3 & delta waves, "deep sleep", sleepwalking \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
REM & beta waves, dreams \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Insomnia & hard time falling asleep \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Narcolepsy & sudden attacks of overwhelming sleepiness -\textgreater{} bad when driving/tasks that need conscious focus \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 4)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Sleep Apnea & difficulty of breathing while sleeping, linked to obesity + depression \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 3)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder & acting out your dreams \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{ as night goes on, N3 disappears \newline }} alpha -\textgreater{} theta -\textgreater{} delta -\textgreater{} beta (ATDB)}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.9908 cm} x{2.9862 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Reinforcement + Punishment}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Fixed Ratio & every x time condition met, give reward (ex. every 3 purchases -50\%) \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Variable Ratio & after ? times condition met, give reward (ex. lottery) \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Fixed Interval & every x hours/minutes/time measurement, give reward (ex. 1 fish after 2 hours) \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Variable Interval & after ? hours/minutes/time measurement, give reward (ex. holding angle w/ op) \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 4)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Positive Punishment (+P) & adds something unpleasant, -behavior \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Negative Punishment (-P) & takes away something good, -behavior \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Positive Reinforcement (+R) & rewards something good, +behavior \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
Negative Reinforcement (-R) & takes away something bad, +behavior \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
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% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}