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\author{yvillat00}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (chronic-disease-concept-in-epidemiology.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (yvillat00)
  /Subject (Chronic Disease Concept in Epidemiology Cheat Sheet)
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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Chronic Disease Concept in Epidemiology Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{yvillat00} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/211283/cs/45743/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 24th February, 2025.\\
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Non infectious Diseases}}  \tn
% Row 0
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Noninfectious acute conditions & e.g., accidents, suicide, stroke \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
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Noninfectious Chronic disease & e.g., heart disease, cancer (typically), diabetes.                  Characterized by latency periods of 10 to 20 or more years \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 6)
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\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Chronic Disease Epidemiology Terms}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{Chronic disease epidemiology examines the patterns, causes, and factors influencing chronic diseases in populations, applying this knowledge to prevent and manage health issues.} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
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{\bf{Latency Period}} & The time when the disease is present but not symptomatic or detected. &  \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 4)
% Row 2
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{\bf{Multifactorial etiology}} & Multiple factors that causes diseases e.g socioeconomic, cultural, or political factors &  \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 5)
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Disability}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{The reduced ability to function within a set range is referred to by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health as "disability," a comprehensive term that includes impairments, limitations in activities, and restrictions on participation.} \tn 
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% Row 1
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{\bf{Activity Limitation}} & A challenge an individual may face in carrying out activities. \tn 
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{\bf{Participation restriction}} & Any problem an individual may experience in his or her involvement in life situations. \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Priorities in Disease Prevention and Control}}  \tn
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{\bf{Motivational Forces for Behavior Change}} & Pain and fear can motivate behavior change, but preventing chronic diseases requires adopting healthy habits long before these factors come into play. \tn 
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% Row 1
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{\bf{Lifestyle and Behavior Changes}} & Key changes for preventing chronic diseases include reducing tobacco use, limiting alcohol and drug consumption, making dietary improvements, increasing exercise, maintaining a healthy weight, reducing stress, ensuring adequate sleep, practicing safe sex, and following safety measures. \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 15)
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Enviornemnt and Chronic Health Problems}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Physical Stresses and Health}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Relating to the body, such as excessive heat, cold, and noise; radiation (electromagnetic, ultrasound, microwave, x-irradiation); vehicular collisions; workplace injuries; climate change; ozone depletion; housing; and so on.} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 5)
% Row 2
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{\bf{Chemical and Healths}} & Several chemicals (e.g., drugs, acids, alkali, heavy metals, poisons, some enzymes) in the environment are capable of causing chronic disease and adverse health conditions \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 8)
% Row 3
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{\bf{Toxicokinetics}} & The area of study on how a chemical substance enters the body and the course it takes while in the body \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 5)
% Row 4
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% Row 5
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Biologic agents like viruses and bacteria are commonly linked to acute infectious diseases such as malaria and typhoid fever. However, they can also cause chronic illnesses like tuberculosis, syphilis, polio, and leprosy.} \tn 
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% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Relating to the body, such as excessive heat, cold, and noise; radiation (electromagnetic, ultrasound, microwave, x-irradiation); vehicular collisions; workplace injuries; climate change; ozone depletion; housing; and so on.} \tn 
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{\bf{Lead}} & Lead is a metal present in both manufactured goods and the environment, and it is linked to severe health issues. \tn 
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% Row 1
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{\bf{Radiation}} & Radiation exposure can be external or internal, with effects depending on the total dose, dose rate, and the area of the body exposed. \tn 
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 & People are exposed to radiation through three main pathways: inhalation, ingestion, and direct (external) exposure. \tn 
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 & Ionizing radiation is high-energy radiation that can break chemical bonds in atoms and molecules, potentially leading to cancer. \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Health belief Model}}} \tn 
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% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{It suggests that behavior change occurs through a logical decision-making process, where individuals assess their risk of illness, the severity of its consequences, the effectiveness of a recommended action in reducing risk, and whether the benefits of taking action outweigh the costs or barriers.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Heredity and Chronic Health Problems}}  \tn
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{\bf{Cancer}} & Many health issues have a genetic component. For instance, while most cancer cases arise in individuals without a family history, some families carry cancer susceptibility genes that increase the likelihood of developing the disease. \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 8)
% Row 1
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{\bf{Epilepsy}} & Two other classifications are idiopathic, which have genetic causes, and cryptogenic, which have non-genetic causes, like head trauma. Epilepsy is the most prevalent neurological disorder, affecting approximately 4\% of the U.S. population. \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 8)
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% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

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