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  /Author (yeeterbaby69)
  /Subject (Ch.1 - New Century, New Jobs in Biotech Cheat Sheet)
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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Ch.1 - New Century, New Jobs in Biotech Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{yeeterbaby69} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/203355/cs/48567/}}}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{CHAPTER 1 / 1.2 - Cell and DNA - pp.10-11}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{What is a cell?}} Smallest living unit; all living things are made of one or more cells. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
{\bf{What does a cell do?}} Takes in nutrients, makes energy, grows, copies itself, and responds to its surroundings. \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 3)
{\bf{What is DNA?}} Long molecule in cells that stores instructions for building and running a living thing. \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 3)
{\bf{Where does DNA occur?}} In cells: in the nucleus of complex cells, free in simple cells. \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 2)
{\bf{What is a genome?}} Complete set of DNA instructions for one living thing. \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 2)
{\bf{What is its purpose?}} Base for biotechnology: read, copy, and change DNA to make new products. \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 2)
{\bf{What is needed?}} Cells, DNA, and tools to study genes.% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{CHAPTER 1 / 1.2 - Cell, DNA, Genome - pp.10-11. Overview base. Later chapters: DNA tools in full.}  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{CHAPTER 1 / 1.2 - Microbial - pp.11-12}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{What is microbial biotechnology?}} Use of microbes, tiny living things, as tools to make products. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3)
{\bf{What is its function?}} Ferment, break down, or build substances that people need. \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2)
{\bf{What is an example?}} Yeast for beer and wine. \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
{\bf{What happens when yeast ferments?}} Yeast turns sugars into alcohol and carbon dioxide, giving beer and wine their alcohol and fizz. \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 3)
{\bf{Where does it occur?}} In vats and tanks where yeast grows in sugary liquid. \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 2)
{\bf{What is needed?}} Microbes, food for microbes, and controlled warmth and cleanliness. \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 2)
{\bf{Properties:}} Tiny, fast-growing, easy to grow in large amounts, and able to make many chemicals.% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{CHAPTER 1 / 1.2 - Microbial Biotechnology (Full detail: Chapter 5) - pp.11-12.}  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{CHAPTER 1 / 1.2 - Agricultural - pp.11-13}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{What is agricultural biotechnology?}} Use of living things and gene tools to improve crops and farm animals. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3)
{\bf{What is its function?}} Grow more food, resist pests and disease, and keep food fresh longer. \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2)
{\bf{What is an example?}} White button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus. \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 2)
{\bf{What happens when it browns?}} A browning enzyme makes cut mushrooms turn brown and look old. \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 2)
{\bf{What did 2016 Penn State work do?}} Used CRISPR to turn off the browning enzyme gene. \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 2)
{\bf{What is the result?}} Mushrooms stay white longer, with less waste. \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 2)
{\bf{Why does it matter?}} First gene-edited crop cleared for eating, with no foreign DNA added. \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 2)
{\bf{PICTURE - Fig. 1.8, pp. 11-13:}} Fresh white button mushrooms. Shows CRISPR turning off the browning gene. Connects to longer-lasting mushrooms.% Row Count 18 (+ 3)
} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{CHAPTER 1 / 1.2 - Agricultural Biotechnology (Full detail: Chapter 6) - pp.11-13. Fig. 1.8.}  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{What is a transgenic animal?}} Animal with a gene added, removed, or changed in its DNA. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
{\bf{What is its function?}} Make animals healthier, more useful, or able to make medicines and other products. \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 3)
{\bf{What is needed?}} A target gene, a way to put it into an embryo, and animals to carry it on. \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 2)
{\bf{What happens when a gene is added?}} The animal may make a new protein, lose a trait, or gain a new trait. \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 3)
{\bf{Example in brief:}} Animals made to resist disease or to produce useful proteins; details follow in part 2.% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{CHAPTER 1 / 1.2 - Transgenic Animals, part 1 (Full detail: Chapter 7) - pp.12-13.}  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{CHAPTER 1 / 1.2 - Biotechnology - pp.10-11}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{What is biotechnology?}} Use of living cells and their parts to make products and solve problems. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
{\bf{What fields does it use?}} Biology, chemistry, physics, engineering, computing, and medicine, used together. \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 3)
{\bf{What is its purpose?}} Make useful products, treat disease, grow food, clean up waste, and learn how life works. \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 3)
{\bf{What is needed?}} Living cells, DNA, and tools to read, copy, and change genes.% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{CHAPTER 1 / 1.2 - Biotechnology Overview - pp.10-11. Later chapters give the full story.}  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{CHAPTER 1 / 1.2 - Bioremediation - pp.14-15}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{What is bioremediation?}} Use of living things, often microbes, to clean up polluted soil, water, and shorelines. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3)
{\bf{What is its function?}} Break down oil, chemicals, and waste into safer substances. \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2)
{\bf{What is an example?}} Exxon Valdez oil spill in 1989. \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 2)
{\bf{What happened there?}} Oil spilled onto Alaskan shorelines, harming wildlife and beaches. \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 2)
{\bf{What microbes helped?}} Pseudomonas oil-eating bacteria. \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 2)
{\bf{What did they do?}} Ate oil on the shoreline, breaking it down. \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 2)
{\bf{What was the result?}} Shoreline cleaned nearly 3x faster than without them. \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 2)
{\bf{What is needed?}} Oil-eating microbes, nutrients, oxygen, and time. \newline % Row Count 17 (+ 2)
{\bf{PICTURE - Fig. 1.12, pp. 14-15:}} Oil-stained shoreline, 1989. Shows Pseudomonas breaking down oil. Connects to cleaning nearly 3x faster.% Row Count 20 (+ 3)
} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{CHAPTER 1 / 1.2 - Bioremediation (Full detail: Chapter 9) - pp.14-15. Fig. 1.12.}  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{CHAPTER 1 / 1.2 - Aquatic - pp.15-16}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{What is aquatic biotechnology?}} Use of water living things and gene tools to improve fish, shellfish, and other water life. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3)
{\bf{What is its function?}} Grow fish faster, resist disease, and make seafood more plentiful. \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2)
{\bf{What is an example?}} AquaAdvantage salmon. \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
{\bf{When was it cleared?}} FDA in 2015. \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
{\bf{Why does it matter?}} First GM animal cleared for eating. \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 2)
{\bf{What happens when it grows?}} Grows in about half the time of ordinary salmon. \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 2)
{\bf{What is needed?}} Salmon eggs, a growth gene, and safe, contained farms. \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 2)
{\bf{PICTURE - Fig. 1.13, pp. 15-16:}} Fast-growing salmon. Shows FDA 2015 first GM animal for eating. Connects to growing in about half the time.% Row Count 16 (+ 3)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{CHAPTER 1 / 1.2 - Aquatic Biotechnology (Full detail: Chapter 10) - pp.15-16. Fig. 1.13.}  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{CHAPTER 1 / 1.2 - Forensic - pp.14-15}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{What is forensic biotechnology?}} Use of DNA and other biology tools to identify people and solve crimes. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3)
{\bf{What is its function?}} Match DNA from a scene, body, or sample to a person. \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2)
{\bf{What is an example?}} DNA detection markers, also called liquid biopsy. \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 2)
{\bf{What happens in a liquid biopsy?}} Tiny DNA markers in blood or fluid point to disease or identity, without a large tissue sample. \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 3)
{\bf{Where does it occur?}} In labs, and in clinics for tests such as bladder cancer checks. \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 2)
{\bf{Example: bladder cancer:}} DNA markers in urine can signal cancer, helping doctors spot it early. \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 2)
{\bf{When was it first used?}} First use in England in 1987, to help solve a crime with DNA. \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 2)
{\bf{What is needed?}} DNA sample, lab tests, and a reference sample to compare. \newline % Row Count 18 (+ 2)
{\bf{PICTURE - Fig. 1.11, pp. 14-15:}} DNA markers in blood or fluid. Shows liquid biopsy, bladder cancer example. Connects to early, less invasive detection.% Row Count 22 (+ 4)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{CHAPTER 1 / 1.2 - Forensic Biotechnology (Full detail: Chapter 8) - pp.14-15. Fig. 1.11.}  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{CHAPTER 1 / 1.2 - Transgenic 2 - pp.13-14}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{What is hornless cattle work?}} Cattle made without horns, so farmers do not need to remove horns. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3)
{\bf{Who did it?}} UC-Davis with Recombinetics. \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
{\bf{What happened to the genes?}} Holstein horn gene cut out, Angus no-horn gene put in. \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
{\bf{What is its function?}} Safer animals and workers, less pain and handling. \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 2)
{\bf{What is cultured meat?}} Beef grown in dishes from animal cells, not from a whole animal. \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 2)
{\bf{What does it cost at that time?}} About \$18,000 per pound. \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 2)
{\bf{What does lean ground beef cost for comparison?}} About \$5.00 per pound. \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 2)
{\bf{Comparison:}} Cultured meat, about \$18,000/lb, lab-grown, very costly then, vs. lean ground beef, about \$5.00/lb, farm-raised, common price. \newline % Row Count 17 (+ 3)
{\bf{What is needed?}} Cells, growth food, clean dishes, and time to grow. \newline % Row Count 19 (+ 2)
{\bf{PICTURE - Fig. 1.9, pp. 13-14:}} Hornless cattle. Shows safer cattle with no horns. Connects to the gene swap in this box. \newline % Row Count 22 (+ 3)
{\bf{PICTURE - Fig. 1.10, pp. 13-14:}} Cultured beef in dishes. Shows meat grown from cells, not a whole animal. Connects to cost and scale in this box.% Row Count 25 (+ 3)
} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{CHAPTER 1 / 1.2 - Transgenic Animals, part 2 (Full detail: Chapter 7) - pp.13-14. Fig. 1.9, Fig. 1.10.}  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{CHAPTER 1 / 1.2 - GM Foods - pp.12-13}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{What are GM foods?}} Foods from plants or animals with DNA changed by gene tools. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
{\bf{Why are they debated?}} Some worry about health, safety, and labelling; others point to more food and less waste. \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 3)
{\bf{What is an example of debate?}} Protest sign against GM foods, showing public worry, not lab proof. \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 3)
{\bf{What did the 2016 National Academies review find?}} No greater risk than foods made by other breeding methods. \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 3)
{\bf{What was it based on?}} 900+ studies. \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 1)
{\bf{What is its purpose?}} Check safety with evidence, not fear alone. \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 2)
{\bf{What is needed?}} Clear labels, tests, and rules, so people can choose. \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 2)
{\bf{PICTURE - Fig. 1.7, p. 12:}} Protest sign, SAY NO TO GMOs / Poison. Shows public worry, not lab proof. Connects to the GM debate in this box.% Row Count 19 (+ 3)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{CHAPTER 1 / 1.2 - You Decide: GM Foods - pp.12-13. Fig. 1.7 on p. 12. Full preview: Ch.7, rules in Ch.12.}  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{CHAPTER 1 / 1.2 - Medical - pp.15-16}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{What is medical biotechnology?}} Use of cells, genes, and microbes to prevent, find, and treat disease. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3)
{\bf{What is its function?}} Make medicines, vaccines, tests, and new treatments. \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2)
{\bf{What is an example?}} Stem cells. \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
{\bf{What are stem cells?}} Immature cells that can become many types of body cells. \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 2)
{\bf{What happens when they grow?}} They can form blood, nerve, muscle, and other cells, to repair damage. \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 3)
{\bf{What is another example?}} Microbes used to make proteins. \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 2)
{\bf{How does that work?}} Microbes are given a human gene, then they make the protein in large amounts. \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 3)
{\bf{What is needed?}} Cells, genes, labs, and safety tests.% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{CHAPTER 1 / 1.2 - Medical Biotechnology (Full detail: Chapter 11) - pp.15-16.}  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{CHAPTER 1 / 1.2 - Regulations - pp.16-17}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Who regulates biotechnology?}} Three US agencies, each covering a different part. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
{\bf{Comparison - Agency | What it covers:}} FDA | Food, drugs, and medical products, including GM food safety; USDA | Farm plants and animals, field tests, and farm use; EPA | Pesticides, microbes, and effects on the environment. \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 5)
{\bf{What does FDA cover in short?}} Safety of food and medicines made with biotech. \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 2)
{\bf{What does USDA cover in short?}} Crops and animals grown on farms. \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 2)
{\bf{What does EPA cover in short?}} Environmental safety, such as pest-control products. \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 2)
{\bf{What is its purpose?}} Check safety before products reach people, farms, and nature. \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 2)
{\bf{What is needed?}} Tests, data, labels, and approval before sale.% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{CHAPTER 1 / 1.2 - Regulations (Full detail: Chapter 12) - pp.16-17.}  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{CHAPTER 1 / 1.2 - Industrial - pp.16-17}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{What is industrial biotechnology?}} Use of cells and enzymes in factories to make chemicals, fuels, and materials. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3)
{\bf{What is its function?}} Replace harsh chemical steps with cleaner, faster biology steps. \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2)
{\bf{What is an example?}} Biocatalyst. \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
{\bf{What is a biocatalyst?}} An enzyme that speeds up a reaction. \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 2)
{\bf{What happens when it works?}} A reaction that was slow becomes fast, without the enzyme being used up. \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 3)
{\bf{Where does it occur?}} In factory tanks and reactors, often with microbes or enzymes. \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 2)
{\bf{Properties:}} Specific, reusable in a process, and often works at mild warmth and pH. \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 2)
{\bf{What is needed?}} Enzyme or microbe, raw material, and controlled reactor conditions.% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{CHAPTER 1 / 1.2 - Industrial Biotechnology, no separate chapter - pp.16-17.}  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{CHAPTER 1 / 1.2 - Big Picture - pp.16-17}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{What is the big picture in 1.2?}} Same base, DNA and cells, used in many fields, each with its own job. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3)
{\bf{Comparison - Field | Job | Example:}} Microbial | Ferment and build | Yeast for beer/wine; Agricultural | Improve crops | Non-browning mushroom; Animal | Change animal traits | Hornless cattle; Forensic | Identify with DNA | Liquid biopsy, bladder cancer; Bioremediation | Clean pollution | Oil-eating Pseudomonas; Aquatic | Grow fish faster | AquaAdvantage salmon; Medical | Treat disease | Stem cells; Industrial | Speed factory reactions | Biocatalyst enzyme. \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 10)
{\bf{Remember:}} Microbes as tools; genes can be turned off, cut, or moved; evidence, not fear, checks GM food safety. \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 3)
{\bf{Remember:}} Regulators split the job: FDA food and drugs, USDA farms, EPA environment. \newline % Row Count 18 (+ 2)
{\bf{Remember:}} Cost and time matter: cultured meat was about \$18,000/lb vs. about \$5.00/lb ground beef; salmon in about half the time.% Row Count 21 (+ 3)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{CHAPTER 1 / 1.2 - Big Picture Summary - pp.16-17. Remember lines below.}  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{CHAPTER 1 / 1.3 - New Century - p.17}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{What will the new biotechnology century look like?}} Faster, more personal, and more widespread use of DNA tools in medicine, food, and industry. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3)
{\bf{What is a medical example?}} New treatments built from a person's own cells and genes, and microbes making medicines. \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 3)
{\bf{What is its function?}} Treat diseases that were hard to treat, with care matched to the person. \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 2)
{\bf{Where does it occur?}} In clinics, labs, and farms, as tools spread beyond research labs. \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 2)
{\bf{What is needed?}} Safe tests, rules, and trained workers, the workforce of the new century. \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 2)
{\bf{What is the limit of this sheet?}} Covered only up to where pp. 10-17 stop, mid-sentence in 1.3. Later 1.3 content is not included yet. \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 3)
{\bf{Remember:}} This sheet is Ch.1, Sections 1.2-1.3 only. Sections 1.1 and earlier are not included yet. \newline % Row Count 18 (+ 3)
{\bf{PICTURE - Fig. 1.14, pp. 16-17:}} Headlines about genes and genomes. Shows DNA news in public life. Connects to the new century in this box.% Row Count 21 (+ 3)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{CHAPTER 1 / 1.3 - New Biotechnology Century - p.17. Coverage stops at pp. 10-17, mid-sentence in 1.3.}  \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.7165 cm} x{1.7165 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{CHAPTER 1 - Pictures - pp.12-17}}  \tn
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Fig. 1.7 - GM protest sign - p. 12 & Shows: a protest sign, SAY NO TO GMOs, with Poison. About: public fear over GM food safety and labels. Why it matters: trust and choice shape rules, even after the 2016 review found no greater risk. Connects: You Decide GM Foods, pp.12-13. \tn 
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Fig. 1.8 - Mushroom - pp. 11-13 & Shows: fresh white button mushrooms. About: 2016 Penn State CRISPR turning off the browning enzyme gene. Why it matters: stays white longer, less waste, first gene-edited crop cleared for eating, no foreign DNA added. Connects: Agricultural, pp.11-13. \tn 
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Fig. 1.9 - Hornless cattle - pp. 13-14 & Shows: cattle with no horns. About: UC-Davis with Recombinetics, Holstein horn gene out, Angus no-horn gene in. Why it matters: safer animals and workers, less pain, no horn removal. Connects: Animal part 2, pp.13-14. \tn 
% Row Count 36 (+ 11)
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Fig. 1.10 - Cultured beef - pp. 13-14 & Shows: beef grown in dishes from animal cells. About: lab-grown meat, not from a whole animal. Why it matters: cost then, about \$18,000/lb vs. about \$5.00/lb ground beef, so scale and cost were the hurdle. Connects: Animal part 2, pp.13-14. \tn 
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Fig. 1.11 - Liquid biopsy - pp. 14-15 & Shows: tiny DNA markers in blood or fluid. About: liquid biopsy, a test without a large tissue sample, bladder cancer example. Why it matters: early, less invasive detection, and DNA matching for identity and crime, first use England 1987. Connects: Forensic, pp.14-15. \tn 
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Fig. 1.12 - Exxon Valdez - pp. 14-15 & Shows: an oil-stained shoreline after the 1989 Exxon Valdez spill. About: Pseudomonas oil-eating bacteria breaking down oil. Why it matters: shoreline cleaned nearly 3x faster, microbes can clean pollution in place. Connects: Bioremediation, pp.14-15. \tn 
% Row Count 39 (+ 13)
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\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.7165 cm} x{1.7165 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{CHAPTER 1 - Pictures - pp.12-17 (cont)}}  \tn
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Fig. 1.13 - Salmon - pp. 15-16 & Shows: a fast-growing salmon. About: AquaAdvantage salmon, FDA 2015, first GM animal cleared for eating. Why it matters: grows in about half the time, more fish faster, with contained farms and rules. Connects: Aquatic, pp.15-16. \tn 
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Fig. 1.14 - Genes/genomes collage - pp. 16-17 & Shows: a collage of headlines about genes and genomes. About: DNA news in public life. Why it matters: the new century is public and workforce-wide, not only in labs. Connects: Overview and 1.3 New Century, pp.16-17. \tn 
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\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{CHAPTER 1 / 1.2-1.3 - Pictures Fig. 1.7-1.14 - pp.12-17. Text descriptions only.}  \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{CHAPTER 1 - Questions - pp.10-17}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{LABEL: CHAPTER 1 / 1.2-1.3 - Questions, Try-it, You Decide, Big Picture}} \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
{\bf{TRY IT - Overview:}} What is biotechnology? Answer: Use of living cells and their parts to make products and solve problems. \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 3)
{\bf{TRY IT - Cells/DNA:}} What is a genome? Answer: Complete set of DNA instructions for one living thing. \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 3)
{\bf{TRY IT - Microbial (Ch.5):}} What does yeast do for beer and wine? Answer: Turns sugars into alcohol and carbon dioxide. \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 3)
{\bf{TRY IT - Agricultural (Ch.6):}} What did 2016 Penn State CRISPR work turn off in mushrooms? Answer: The browning enzyme gene in Agaricus bisporus. \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 3)
{\bf{TRY IT - Animal, part 1 (Ch.7):}} What is a transgenic animal? Answer: Animal with a gene added, removed, or changed. \newline % Row Count 17 (+ 3)
{\bf{YOU DECIDE - GM Foods:}} What are GM foods? Answer: Foods from plants or animals with DNA changed by gene tools. \newline % Row Count 20 (+ 3)
{\bf{YOU DECIDE - GM Foods:}} Why are GM foods debated? Answer: Health, safety, labelling, and choice worries vs. more food and less waste. \newline % Row Count 23 (+ 3)
{\bf{YOU DECIDE - GM Foods:}} What did the 2016 National Academies review find, and on what evidence? Answer: No greater risk than other breeding methods, based on 900+ studies. \newline % Row Count 27 (+ 4)
{\bf{TRY IT - Animal, part 2 (Ch.7):}} Why hornless cattle? Answer: Safer animals and workers, less pain, no horn removal; Holstein horn gene out, Angus no-horn gene in. \newline % Row Count 31 (+ 4)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{CHAPTER 1 - Questions - pp.10-17 (cont)}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{TRY IT - Animal, part 2:}} Cultured meat cost then vs. lean ground beef? Answer: About \$18,000/lb vs. about \$5.00/lb. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3)
{\bf{TRY IT - Forensic (Ch.8):}} What is a liquid biopsy, and when first used? Answer: DNA markers in blood or fluid, bladder cancer example; first use in England in 1987. \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 4)
{\bf{TRY IT - Bioremediation (Ch.9):}} What cleaned Exxon Valdez shoreline, and how much faster? Answer: Pseudomonas oil-eating bacteria, nearly 3x faster, 1989. \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 4)
{\bf{TRY IT - Aquatic (Ch.10):}} What is AquaAdvantage salmon, when cleared, how fast? Answer: FDA 2015, first GM animal for eating, grows in about half the time. \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 4)
{\bf{TRY IT - Medical (Ch.11):}} What are stem cells? Answer: Immature cells that can become many types of body cells. \newline % Row Count 18 (+ 3)
{\bf{TRY IT - Regulations (Ch.12):}} FDA, USDA, EPA in short? Answer: FDA food and drugs, USDA farms, EPA environment. \newline % Row Count 21 (+ 3)
{\bf{TRY IT - Industrial:}} What is a biocatalyst? Answer: An enzyme that speeds up a reaction. \newline % Row Count 23 (+ 2)
{\bf{BIG PICTURE - Question:}} What base do all 1.2 fields share? Answer: Cells, DNA, and genomes. \newline % Row Count 25 (+ 2)
{\bf{BIG PICTURE - Question:}} Which field cleans pollution, which grows fish faster, which identifies with DNA? Answer: Bioremediation, Aquatic, Forensic. \newline % Row Count 29 (+ 4)
{\bf{BIG PICTURE - Question:}} What will the new century (1.3) look like, in short? Answer: Faster, more personal DNA tools in medicine, food, and industry, with trained workers. \newline % Row Count 33 (+ 4)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{SCOPE - Question:}} What is NOT on this sheet yet? Answer: Sections 1.1 and earlier, and the rest of 1.3 past where pp. 10-17 stop, mid-sentence; send those pages to add them.% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{CHAPTER 1 / 1.2-1.3 - Questions, with short answers - pp.10-17.}  \tn 
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% That's all folks
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