\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article}

% Packages
\usepackage{fancyhdr}           % For header and footer
\usepackage{multicol}           % Allows multicols in tables
\usepackage{tabularx}           % Intelligent column widths
\usepackage{tabulary}           % Used in header and footer
\usepackage{hhline}             % Border under tables
\usepackage{graphicx}           % For images
\usepackage{xcolor}             % For hex colours
%\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}    % For unicode character support
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}        % Without this we get weird character replacements
\usepackage{colortbl}           % For coloured tables
\usepackage{setspace}           % For line height
\usepackage{lastpage}           % Needed for total page number
\usepackage{seqsplit}           % Splits long words.
%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}     % For underlining links
% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
\usepackage{amsmath}            % Symbols
\usepackage{MnSymbol}           % Symbols
\usepackage{wasysym}            % Symbols
%\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel}              % Languages

% Document Info
\author{xoulea}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (linux-commands.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (xoulea)
  /Subject (LINUX Commands Cheat Sheet)
}

% Lengths and widths
\addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm}
\addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm}
\addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm}
\addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm}
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns
\setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content
\setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it
\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line
\renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit
% This two commands together give roughly
% the right line height in the tables
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3}
\onehalfspacing

% Commands
\newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour
\newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols
\newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns
\newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use

% Font and Colours
\definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666}
\definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{A3A3A3}
\definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{F3F3F3}
\renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault}
\color{TextColor}

% Header and Footer
\pagestyle{fancy}
\fancyhead{} % Set header to blank
\fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank
\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
    \SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
    }
\end{tabulary}
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{LINUX Commands Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{xoulea} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/198356/cs/41985/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}xoulea \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/xoulea} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 8th January, 2024.\\
   Updated 8th January, 2024.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
  \SetRowColor{white}
  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
\raggedright
\raggedcolumns

% Set font size to small. Switch to any value
% from this page to resize cheat sheet text:
% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.19002 cm} x{1.28156 cm} x{2.10542 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{CHMOD}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Binary}} & {\bf{Decimal}} & {\bf{Representation}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
000 & 0 & - - - \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
001 & 1 & - - x \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
010 & 2 & - w - \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
011 & 3 & - w x \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
100 & 4 & r - - \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
101 & 5 & r - x \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
110 & 6 & r w - \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
111 & 7 & rwx \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{UOG Mode}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1 - u = o dono do arquivo (user); \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
2 - g = os usuários que são membros do mesmo grupo do arquivo (group); \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 2)
3 - o = os usuários que não membros do grupo do arquivo (others);% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{3.23505 cm} x{1.74195 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Permissionamento Especial}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Peso - SUID}} & {\bf{UGO}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
4 & Usuário \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
2 & Grupos \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
1 & Outros \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{mkpasswd}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{mkpasswd generates passwords and can apply them automatically to users. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
With no arguments, mkpasswd returns a new password. \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
mkpasswd \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
With a user name, mkpasswd assigns a new password to the user. \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 2)
mkpasswd don \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1)
The passwords are randomly generated according to the flags below. \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 2)
Flags \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 1)
The -l flag defines the length of the password. The default is 9. The following example creates a 20 character password. \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 3)
mkpasswd -l 20 \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 1)
The -d flag defines the minimum number of digits that must be in the password. The default is 2. The following example creates a password with at least 3 digits. \newline % Row Count 19 (+ 4)
mkpasswd -d 3 \newline % Row Count 20 (+ 1)
The -c flag defines the minimum number of lowercase alphabetic characters that must be in the password. The default is 2. \newline % Row Count 23 (+ 3)
The -C flag defines the minimum number of uppercase alphabetic characters that must be in the password. The default is 2. \newline % Row Count 26 (+ 3)
The -s flag defines the minimum number of special characters that must be in the password. The default is 1. \newline % Row Count 29 (+ 3)
The -p flag names a program to set the password. By default, /etc/yppasswd is used if present, otherwise /bin/passwd is used. \newline % Row Count 32 (+ 3)
} \tn 
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{mkpasswd (cont)}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The -2 flag causes characters to be chosen so that they alternate between right and left hands (qwerty-style), making it harder for anyone watching passwords being entered. This can also make it easier for a password-guessing program. \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 5)
The -v flag causes the password-setting interaction to be visible. By default, it is suppressed.% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{RADIUS}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Remote Authentication Dial In User Service (RADIUS) é um protocolo de rede que fornece gerenciamento centralizado de Autenticação, Autorização e Contabilização (Accounting em inglês) para usuários que conectam-se a e utilizam um serviço de rede. \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 6)
RADIUS é um protocolo do tipo cliente/servidor que roda como um protocolo da camada de aplicação, usa como apoio o protocolo de transferência UDP. Tanto Servidores de Acesso Remoto (RAS), como servidores de Redes Virtuais Privadas (VPNs) e Servidores de Acesso a Rede (NAS), e todos os gateways que controlam o acesso a rede possuem um componente cliente do protocolo RADIUS que se comunica com o servidor RADIUS. Este servidor normalmente é um processo de background rodando no UNIX ou Microsoft Windows server.{[}3{]} \newline % Row Count 17 (+ 11)
O servidor RADIUS possui três funções básicas: \newline % Row Count 19 (+ 2)
autenticação de usuários ou dispositivos antes da concessão de acesso a rede. \newline % Row Count 21 (+ 2)
autorização de outros usuários ou dispositivos a usar determinados serviços providos pela rede. \newline % Row Count 23 (+ 2)
para informar sobre o uso de outros serviços. \newline % Row Count 24 (+ 1)
O protocolo RADIUS é resumidamente, um serviço baseado em UDP de pergunta e resposta. As requisições e respostas seguem uma padrão de tabelas (variável=valor).% Row Count 28 (+ 4)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{w}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Show who is logged on and what they are doing. \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
-h, -{}-no-header \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
              Don't print the header. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
       -u, -{}-no-current \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
              Ignores the username while figuring out the current \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
              process and cpu times.  To demonstrate this, do a su and \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 2)
              do a w and a w -u. \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
       -s, -{}-short \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 1)
              Use the short format.  Don't print the login time, JCPU or \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 2)
              PCPU times. \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 1)
       -f, -{}-from \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 1)
              Toggle printing the from (remote hostname) field.  The \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 2)
              default as released is for the from field to not be \newline % Row Count 18 (+ 2)
              printed, although your system administrator or \newline % Row Count 20 (+ 2)
              distribution maintainer may have compiled a version in \newline % Row Count 22 (+ 2)
              which the from field is shown by default. \newline % Row Count 24 (+ 2)
       -{}-help Display help text and exit. \newline % Row Count 25 (+ 1)
       -i, -{}-ip-addr \newline % Row Count 26 (+ 1)
              Display IP address instead of hostname for from field. \newline % Row Count 28 (+ 2)
       -p, -{}-pids \newline % Row Count 29 (+ 1)
              Display pid of the login process/the "what" process in the \newline % Row Count 31 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{w (cont)}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{              "what" field. \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
       -V, -{}-version \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
              Display version information. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
       -o, -{}-old-style \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
              Old style output.  Prints blank space for idle times less \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
              than one minute. \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
       user   Show information about the specified user only.% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{0.9954 cm} x{3.9816 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{mount}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Option}} & {\bf{Description}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
-a & Mounts all file systems listed in /etc/fstab. \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-F & Forks a new incarnation of mount for each device. Must be used in combination with the -a option. \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
-h & Displays the help file with all command options. \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-l & Lists all the file systems mounted and adds labels to each device. \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
-L {[}label{]} & Mounts the partition with the specified {[}label{]}. \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-M & Moves a subtree to another location. \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
-O {[}opts{]} & Used in combination with -a, it limits the file system set that -a applies to. \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 3)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-r & Mounts the file system in read-only mode \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
-R & Remounts a subtree in a different location, making its contents available in both places. \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 3)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-t {[}type{]} & Indicates the file system type. \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 2)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
-T & Used to specify an alternative /etc/fstab file. \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 2)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-v & Mounts verbosely, describing each operation. \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 2)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{0.9954 cm} x{3.9816 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{mount (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-V & Displays the program version information. \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{touch}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{change file timestamps \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
-a     change only the access time \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
       -c, -{}-no-create \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
              do not create any files \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
       -d, -{}-date=STRING \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
              parse STRING and use it instead of current time \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 2)
       -f     (ignored) \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1)
       -h, -{}-no-dereference \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
              affect each symbolic link instead of any referenced file \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 2)
              (useful only on systems that can change the timestamps of \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 2)
              a symlink) \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 1)
       -m     change only the modification time \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 1)
       -r, -{}-reference=FILE \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 1)
              use this file's times instead of current time \newline % Row Count 18 (+ 2)
       -t STAMP \newline % Row Count 19 (+ 1)
              use {[}{[}CC{]}YY{]}MMDDhhmm{[}.ss{]} instead of current time \newline % Row Count 21 (+ 2)
       -{}-time=WORD \newline % Row Count 22 (+ 1)
              change the specified time: WORD is access, atime, or use: \newline % Row Count 24 (+ 2)
              equivalent to -a WORD is modify or mtime: equivalent to -m% Row Count 26 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{NSLOOKUP}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{nslookup é uma ferramenta comum ao Windows e ao Linux e utilizada para se obter informações sobre registros de DNS de um determinado domínio, host ou ip. \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 4)
Ele pode trabalhar de duas formas: modo interativo ou não interativo \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
Modo interativo - o comando interage com vários servidores de domínios e com várias máquinas. O comando executa neste modo quando o primeiro argumento é o endereço ou o nome de um servidor de domínio do qual serão mostradas as informações. \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 5)
Modo não interativo - o comando interage apenas com uma máquina específico. O comando entra nesse modo quando nenhum argumento de configuração é fornecido, ou quando o primeiro argumento é um sinal de menos (-) e o segundo argumento é o nome de uma máquina ou de um servidor de domínios. \newline % Row Count 17 (+ 6)
Um conjunto de argumentos podem ser especificados no arquivo .nslookup, no diretório "home" do usuário.% Row Count 20 (+ 3)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{IP E IF CONFIG}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{IPCONFIG - Windows - nao possibilita o gerenciamento, só consulta \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
IFCONFIG - Linux - gerenciamento, controle e consulta% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.54924 cm} x{2.05965 cm} x{1.96811 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Comandos}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Comando}} & {\bf{Descrição}} & {\bf{Exemplo}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{newgrp} & Muda, temporariamente, o grupo do usuário & newgrp {[}nome\_do\_grupo{]} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{groupadd} & cria um novo grupo de usuários & groupadd {[}nome\_do\_grupo{]} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{groupdel} & deleta um grupo de usuários do sistema & groupdel {[}nome\_do\_grupo{]} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{groupmod} & modifica um grupo de usuário. -n para nome, -g altera gid, -o altera gid mesmo que outro grupo ja possua esse gidg paras do sistema & groupmod -n {[}nome\_novo{]} {[}nome\_antigo{]} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 8)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{groups} & exibe os nomes dos grupos aos quais um usuário pertence & - \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 4)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
chgrp & comando altera o nome de grupo de arquivos. -c : informa quais arquivos estão tendo o nome de grupo alterado, -v : informa quais arquivos estão sendo processados (não necessariamente alterados), -R : altera, recursivamente, o nome de grupo dos arquivos. & chgrp {[}opções{]} {[}grupo{]} {[}arquivo{]} \tn 
% Row Count 38 (+ 15)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.54924 cm} x{2.05965 cm} x{1.96811 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Comandos (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
chown & permite alterar o nome do dono e/ou do grupo de arquivos. -c : informa quais arquivos estão sendo alterados, -h : altera o link, não o arquivo apontado pelo link, -v : informa quais arquivos estão sendo processados (não necessariamente alterados), -R : altera, recursivamente, dono e/ou grupo de arquivos. & chown {[}dono{]}{[}:grupo{]} {[}arquivo{]} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 18)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{chroot} & muda o diretório root do processo corrente e de seus processos filhos. & chroot \textless{}diretório\textgreater{} {[}comando{]} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 4)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{usermod} & utilizado para modificar parâmetros do usuário. & usermod {[}parâmetro{]} {[}grupo{]} {[}usuário{]} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{ssh}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{sshd\_config - OpenSSH SSH daemon configuration file \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
sshd(8) reads configuration data from /etc/ssh/sshd\_config (or the file specified with -f on the command line). The file contains keyword-argument pairs, one per line. Lines starting with '\#' and empty lines are interpreted as comments. Arguments may optionally be enclosed in double quotes (") in order to represent arguments containing spaces. \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 7)
ssh\_config - OpenSSH SSH client configuration files% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{TTL}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{TTL = TIME TO LIVE \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
UNIX	255 \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
Linux	64 \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
Windows	128% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{TACACS+}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Em redes de computadores, o protocolo TACACS+ (Terminal Access Controller Access-Control System Plus) providencia acesso a roteadores, servidores de redes e outros equipamentos de rede. O TACACS+ providencia separadamente autenticação, autorização e serviços de contas. Com ele é possível realizar a autenticação do usuário de acesso junto a uma conta previamente cadastrada no AD(Active Directory) \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 9)
Um cliente coleta o nome de usuário e a senha e então envia uma consulta a um servidor de autenticação TACACS, as vezes chamado de TACACS daemon ou simplesmente TACACSD. Baseado na resposta desta consulta, o acesso ao usuário e liberado ou não. \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 6)
Outra versão do TACACS lançada em 1990 foi batizada de XTACACS (extended TACACS). Entretanto, estas duas versões vem sendo substituídas pelo TACACS+ e pelo RADIUS em redes mais novas. Apesar do nome, TACACS+ é um protocolo completamente novo e não é compatível com TACACS ou XTACACS. \newline % Row Count 21 (+ 6)
TACACS é definido pela RFC 1492, usando tanto TCP como UDP e por padrão a porta 49% Row Count 23 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{whodo}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Prints information on all processes for a terminal, as well as the child processes. (who is doing what) \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3)
-h	Suppress the heading that is printed on the output. \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2)
-l	Produce a long form of output. A summary of the current activity on the system is printed. The summary includes the following: \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 3)
User \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
Who is logged on. \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 1)
tty \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 1)
Name of the tty the user is on. \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 1)
login@ \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 1)
Time of day the user logged on. \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 1)
idle \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 1)
Number of minutes since a program last attempted to read from the terminal. \newline % Row Count 17 (+ 2)
JCPU \newline % Row Count 18 (+ 1)
System unit time used by all processes and their children on that terminal. \newline % Row Count 20 (+ 2)
PCPU \newline % Row Count 21 (+ 1)
System unit time used by the currently active process. \newline % Row Count 23 (+ 2)
what \newline % Row Count 24 (+ 1)
Name and parameters of the current process. \newline % Row Count 25 (+ 1)
The heading line of the summary shows the current time of day, how long the system has been up, the number of users logged into the system. \newline % Row Count 28 (+ 3)
-X	Prints all available characters of each user name instead of truncating to the first 8 characters. The user name is also moved to the last column of the output.% Row Count 32 (+ 4)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{TAIL / HEAD}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{TAIL \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
Print the last 10 lines of each FILE to standard output.  With \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 2)
       more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the file \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2)
       name. \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
       With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input. \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 2)
       Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 2)
       options too. \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 1)
       -c, -{}-bytes={[}+{]}NUM \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 1)
              output the last NUM bytes; or use -c +NUM to output \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 2)
              starting with byte NUM of each file \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 1)
       -f, -{}-follow{[}=\{name|descriptor\}{]} \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 1)
              output appended data as the file grows; \newline % Row Count 18 (+ 2)
              an absent option argument means 'descriptor' \newline % Row Count 20 (+ 2)
       -F     same as -{}-follow=name -{}-retry \newline % Row Count 21 (+ 1)
       -n, -{}-lines={[}+{]}NUM \newline % Row Count 22 (+ 1)
              output the last NUM lines, instead of the last 10; or use \newline % Row Count 24 (+ 2)
              -n +NUM to skip NUM-1 lines at the start \newline % Row Count 26 (+ 2)
       -{}-max-unchanged-stats=N \newline % Row Count 27 (+ 1)
              with -{}-follow=name, reopen a FILE which has not \newline % Row Count 29 (+ 2)
              changed size after N (default 5) iterations to see if it \newline % Row Count 31 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{TAIL / HEAD (cont)}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{              has been unlinked or renamed (this is the usual case of \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
              rotated log files); with inotify, this option is rarely \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
              useful \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
       -{}-pid=PID \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
              with -f, terminate after process ID, PID dies \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 2)
       -q, -{}-quiet, -{}-silent \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
              never output headers giving file names \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 2)
       -{}-retry \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 1)
              keep trying to open a file if it is inaccessible \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 2)
       -s, -{}-sleep-interval=N \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 1)
              with -f, sleep for approximately N seconds (default 1.0) \newline % Row Count 17 (+ 2)
              between iterations; with inotify and -{}-pid=P, check \newline % Row Count 19 (+ 2)
              process P at least once every N seconds \newline % Row Count 21 (+ 2)
       -v, -{}-verbose \newline % Row Count 22 (+ 1)
              always output headers giving file names \newline % Row Count 24 (+ 2)
       -z, -{}-zero-terminated \newline % Row Count 25 (+ 1)
              line delimiter is NUL, not newline \newline % Row Count 26 (+ 1)
HEAD \newline % Row Count 27 (+ 1)
 Print the first 10 lines of each FILE to standard output.  With \newline % Row Count 29 (+ 2)
       more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the file \newline % Row Count 31 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{TAIL / HEAD (cont)}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{       name. \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
       With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 2)
       Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2)
       options too. \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
       -c, -{}-bytes={[}-{]}NUM \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
              print the first NUM bytes of each file; with the leading \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 2)
              '-', print all but the last NUM bytes of each file \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 2)
       -n, -{}-lines={[}-{]}NUM \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 1)
              print the first NUM lines instead of the first 10; with \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 2)
              the leading '-', print all but the last NUM lines of each \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 2)
              file \newline % Row Count 17 (+ 1)
       -q, -{}-quiet, -{}-silent \newline % Row Count 18 (+ 1)
              never print headers giving file names \newline % Row Count 20 (+ 2)
       -v, -{}-verbose \newline % Row Count 21 (+ 1)
              always print headers giving file names \newline % Row Count 23 (+ 2)
       -z, -{}-zero-terminated \newline % Row Count 24 (+ 1)
              line delimiter is NUL, not newline% Row Count 25 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{shred}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Overwrite the specified FILE(s) repeatedly, in order to make it harder for even very expensive hardware probing to recover the data. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3)
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too. \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2)
-f, -{}-force \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
change permissions to allow writing if necessary \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
-n, -{}-iterations=N \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1)
overwrite N times instead of the default (3) \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
-{}-random-source=FILE \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 1)
get random bytes from FILE \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 1)
-s, -{}-size=N \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 1)
shred this many bytes (suffixes like K, M, G accepted) \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 2)
-u, -{}-remove \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 1)
truncate and remove file after overwriting \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 1)
-v, -{}-verbose \newline % Row Count 17 (+ 1)
show progress \newline % Row Count 18 (+ 1)
-x, -{}-exact \newline % Row Count 19 (+ 1)
do not round file sizes up to the next full block; \newline % Row Count 21 (+ 2)
this is the default for non-regular files \newline % Row Count 22 (+ 1)
-z, -{}-zero \newline % Row Count 23 (+ 1)
add a final overwrite with zeros to hide shredding% Row Count 24 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{PASSWD}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Altera as senhas dos usuários. \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
-d : deleta a senha de um usuário. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
-e : passa a considerar a senha expirada. Isto significa que o usuário terá que alterar a senha no próximo login. \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 3)
-u : a atualização só é efetuada após a data de expiração da senha atual. \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 2)
As senhas dos usuários são armazenadas no arquivo /etc/passwd. Caso o sistema shadow esteja sendo usado, as senhas são criptografadas e armazenadas no arquivo /etc/shadow. \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 4)
O comando vipw edita os arquivos /etc/passwd e /etc/shadow.% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Shadow/GShadow}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{O sistema shadow consiste no uso do arquivo /etc/shadow para armazenar as senhas criptografadas das contas dos usuários. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3)
O sistema gshadow consiste no uso do arquivo /etc/gshadow para armazenar as senhas criptografadas dos grupos do sistema. \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 3)
O comando pwconv ativa o uso do sistema shadow. \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
O comando pwunconv desativa o uso do sistema shadow de proteção de senhas. \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 2)
O comando vipw edita os arquivos /etc/passwd e /etc/shadow. \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 2)
O comando grpconv ativa o sistema gshadow para proteger as senhas dos grupos. \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 2)
O comando grpunconv elimina o uso do sistema gshadow de proteção de senhas. \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 2)
O comando vigr edita os arquivos /etc/group e /etc/gshadow.% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{umask}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Quando o usuário cria um arquivo (diretório), o sistema associa ao objeto criado um conjunto de permissões de acesso. Estas permissões indicam quem pode ler, alterar e/ou executar (acessar) o arquivo (diretório). \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 5)
Por padrão, \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
as permissões iniciais de um arquivo são 0666 (leitura e gravação para todo e qualquer usuário do sistema); \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 3)
as permissões iniciais de um diretório são 0777 (leitura, gravação e acesso para todo e qualquer usuário do sistema). \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 3)
Quando um usuário cria um arquivo (ou diretório), o sistema associa a este arquivo (diretório) o resultado da operação \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 3)
"permissão padrão" – umask \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 1)
onde umask tem as permissões não liberadas para os usuários. \newline % Row Count 18 (+ 2)
O termo umask corresponde a "user mask", ou seja, máscara do usuário. \newline % Row Count 20 (+ 2)
O comando chmod permite alterar as permissões de acesso de arquivos/diretórios.% Row Count 22 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.24425 cm} x{3.73275 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Run Levels}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Run Level}} & {\bf{Description}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
0 & System halt i.e., the system can be safely powered off with no activity. \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1 & Single user mode. \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
2 & Multiple user mode with no NFS (network file system). \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
3 & Multiple user modes under the command line interface and not under the graphical user interface. \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 4)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
4 & User-definable. \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
5 & Multiple user mode under GUI (graphical user interface) and this is the standard runlevel for most of the LINUX-based systems. \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 5)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
6 & Reboot which is used to restart the system. \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{KILL}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{terminate a process \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
pid \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
           Each pid can be expressed in one of the following ways: \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
           n \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
               where n is larger than 0. The process with PID n is \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 2)
               signaled. \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1)
           0 \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
               All processes in the current process group are signaled. \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 2)
           -1 \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 1)
               All processes with a PID larger than 1 are signaled. \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 2)
           -n \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 1)
               where n is larger than 1. All processes in process group \newline % Row Count 17 (+ 2)
               n are signaled. When an argument of the form '-n' is \newline % Row Count 19 (+ 2)
               given, and it is meant to denote a process group, either \newline % Row Count 21 (+ 2)
               a signal must be specified first, or the argument must be \newline % Row Count 23 (+ 2)
               preceded by a '-{}-' option, otherwise it will be taken as \newline % Row Count 25 (+ 2)
               the signal to send. \newline % Row Count 26 (+ 1)
       name \newline % Row Count 27 (+ 1)
           All processes invoked using this name will be signaled. \newline % Row Count 29 (+ 2)
OPTIONS         top \newline % Row Count 30 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{KILL (cont)}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{       -s, -{}-signal signal \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
           The signal to send. It may be given as a name or a number. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 2)
       -l, -{}-list {[}number{]} \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
           Print a list of signal names, or convert the given signal \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
           number to a name. The signals can be found in \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 2)
           \seqsplit{/usr/include/linux/signal}.h. \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
       -L, -{}-table \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 1)
           Similar to -l, but it will print signal names and their \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 2)
           corresponding numbers. \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 1)
       -a, -{}-all \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 1)
           Do not restrict the command-name-to-PID conversion to \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 2)
           processes with the same UID as the present process. \newline % Row Count 18 (+ 2)
       -p, -{}-pid \newline % Row Count 19 (+ 1)
           Only print the process ID (PID) of the named processes, do \newline % Row Count 21 (+ 2)
           not send any signals. \newline % Row Count 22 (+ 1)
       -r, -{}-require-handler \newline % Row Count 23 (+ 1)
           Do not send the signal if it is not caught in userspace by \newline % Row Count 25 (+ 2)
           the signalled process.% Row Count 26 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{ethtool}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{é possível verificar quais são as interfaces, mudar velocidade, alterar forma de negociação e é até mesmo verificar qual interface está localizada fisicamente. \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 4)
Mostrar a velocidade da placa de rede, assim como a velocidade suportada para a interface: \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
\# ethtool {[}interface{]} \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
Mostrar as estatísticas de rx e tx para a interface: \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 2)
\# ethtool -S {[}interface{]} \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 1)
Deixar a interface piscando para podermos descobrir qual é a interface fisicamente: \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 2)
\# ethtool -p {[}interface{]} {[}tempo{]} \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 1)
Manipular a velocidade da interface, assim como as formas de negociação: \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 2)
\# ethtool -s {[}interface{]} speed {[}velocidade{]} duplex {[}half | full{]}% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{LASTB}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{exibe informações sobre as tentativas mal sucedidas de se logar ao sistema. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
-a : exibe o nome da máquina onde foi efetuada a tentativa de login. \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
-d : exibe o número de IP da máquina remota onde foi efetuada a tentativa de login. \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
-f arquivo : define o nome do arquivo de onde serão extraídas as informações sobre as tentativas de login. Por padrão, o arquivo lido é o /var/log/btmp. \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 4)
O comando lastb exige permissão de administrador (sudo) para ser executado. \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 2)
Caso nenhum argumento seja passado, o comando lastb exibe todas as informações armazenadas no arquivo /var/log/btmp que possui todas as tentativas de login efetuadas no sistema. \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 4)
Se não existirem registros de tentativas mal sucedidas de acessar o sistema, o comando fornecerá apenas a data de criação do arquivo /var/log/btmp (provavelmente, esta data corresponderá à data de instalação do sistema). \newline % Row Count 21 (+ 5)
O comando last funciona da mesma forma do comando lastb. Entretanto, ele usa, por padrão, o arquivo /var/log/wtmp que possui informações referentes a entrada (login) e saída (logout) de usuários do sistema.% Row Count 26 (+ 5)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{NICE / RENICE}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{NICE \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
run a program with modified scheduling priority \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
Run COMMAND with an adjusted niceness, which affects process scheduling. With no COMMAND, print the current niceness. Nicenesses range from -20 (most favorable scheduling) to 19 (least favorable). \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 4)
-n, -{}-adjustment=N \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
add integer N to the niceness (default 10) \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1)
RENICE \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
alter priority of running processes \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 1)
-n priority \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 1)
           Specify the absolute or relative (depending on environment \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 2)
           variable POSIXLY\_CORRECT) scheduling priority to be used for \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 2)
           the process, process group, or user. Use of the option -n is \newline % Row Count 17 (+ 2)
           optional, but when used, it must be the first argument. See \newline % Row Count 19 (+ 2)
           NOTES for more information. \newline % Row Count 20 (+ 1)
       -{}-priority priority \newline % Row Count 21 (+ 1)
           Specify an absolute scheduling priority. Priority is set to \newline % Row Count 23 (+ 2)
           the given value. This is the default, when no option is \newline % Row Count 25 (+ 2)
           specified. \newline % Row Count 26 (+ 1)
       -{}-relative priority \newline % Row Count 27 (+ 1)
           Specify a relative scheduling priority. Same as the standard \newline % Row Count 29 (+ 2)
           POSIX -n option. Priority gets incremented/decremented by the \newline % Row Count 31 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{NICE / RENICE (cont)}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{           given value. \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
       -g, -{}-pgrp \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
           Interpret the succeeding arguments as process group IDs. \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
       -p, -{}-pid \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
           Interpret the succeeding arguments as process IDs (the \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 2)
           default). \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1)
       -u, -{}-user \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
           Interpret the succeeding arguments as usernames or UIDs.% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}