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  /Title (pathophysiology-of-bacterial-infections.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (heatherisawesome (x0xheather\_))
  /Subject (Pathophysiology of Bacterial Infections Cheat Sheet)
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        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Pathophysiology of Bacterial Infections Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{heatherisawesome (x0xheather\_)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/41810/cs/12657/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}heatherisawesome (x0xheather\_) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/x0xheather} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 2nd September, 2017.\\
   Updated 12th September, 2017.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
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\begin{document}
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\begin{multicols*}{2}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{MENINGITIS}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}{\bf{Epidemiology/Facts}}\{\{nl\}\}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bb\}\}- 1.2 million cases every year worldwide \{\{nl\}\}-30\% to 50\% of survivors develop neurologic disabilities} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}{\bf{Risk Factors}}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bb\}\}- passive and active exposure to cigarette smoke \{\{nl\}\}- children with cholera implants\{\{nl\}\}- sickle cell disease\{\{nl\}\}- URI, otitis media\{\{nl\}\}- alcoholism\{\{nl\}\}- immunosuppression} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 4)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}{\bf{Organisms}}} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bb\}\}- Strep pneumoniae (available vaccine) \{\{nl\}\}- Neisseria meningitidis (vaccine available)\{\{nl\}\}- Haemophilus influenzae (vaccine available)\{\{nl\}\}- Listeria monocytogenes (between 1 month and 60 years) \{\{nl\}\}- Herpes Simplex Virus\{\{nl\}\}- West Nile Virus \{\{nl\}\}} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 6)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bb\}\}{\bf{Infection process originates with nasopharyngeal colinations and translocation}}} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}{\bf{Signs/Symptoms}}} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bb\}\}- fever, chills, vomiting\{\{nl\}\}- headache, photophobia\{\{nl\}\}- nuchal rigidity\{\{nl\}\}- Brudzinkski sign\{\{nl\}\}- Kernig sign\{\{nl\}\}- altered mental status, seizure\{\{nl\}\}- lethargy, drowsiness} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 4)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}{\bf{Diagnostics}}} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- abnormal CSF chemistries} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{a.) elevated WBC count (\textgreater{}100 cells/mm3)\{\{nl\}\}b.) elevated protein (\textgreater{}50 mg/dL)\{\{nl\}\}c.) decreased glucose levels (\textless{}40 mg/dL)} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 3)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- CSF gram stain \& cultures} \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.04 cm} x{4.96 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}{\bf{Etiology}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bb\}\}- most common reason patients seek medical attention\{\{nl\}\}- pneumonia most common infectious cause of death in the US\{\{nl\}\}- usually follows colonization of the upper respiratory tract with potential pathogens} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 5)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}{\bf{Pathophysiology}}} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bb\}\}- inhaled aerosolized particles\{\{nl\}\}- enter lung via bloodstream from extra pulmonary infection\{\{nl\}\}- aspiration of oropharyngeal contents} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}{\bf{Organisms \& Risk Factors}}} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Acute Bronchitis}} & viral, self-limiting \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Chronic Bronchitis}} & environmental, bacterial \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Influenza}}} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
% Row 8
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV):}} newborns (baseline health status)} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{CAP}} & S.pneumonia\{\{nl\}\}H. flu\{\{nl\}\}N. Menin\{\{nl\}\}M. cattar \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 3)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{HAP/HCAP}} & S. aureus\{\{nl\}\}GNR\{\{nl\}\}resistance \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 2)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{bb\}\}{\bf{Aspiration PNA}} & \{\{bb\}\}oropharyngeal (CAP) + anaerobes \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 2)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}{\bf{Signs \& Symptoms}}} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 1)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bb\}\}- cough\{\{nl\}\}- coryza\{\{nl\}\}- rhinitis\{\{nl\}\}- sore throat\{\{nl\}\}- malaise\{\{nl\}\}- fatigue\{\{nl\}\}- headache\{\{nl\}\}- fever\{\{nl\}\}- fever rhonchi\{\{nl\}\}- coarse bilateral rales\{\{nl\}\}- wheezing purulent sputum\{\{nl\}\}- hemoptysis\{\{nl\}\}- chest pain\{\{nl\}\}- dense infiltrate on CXR (pneumonia only)\{\{nl\}\}- increased WBC\{\{nl\}\}- WBC\{\{nl\}\}- decreased O2 saturation\{\{nl\}\}- labored breathing\{\{nl\}\}- tachycardia\{\{nl\}\}- tachypnea} \tn 
% Row Count 35 (+ 9)
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\vfill
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 14
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}{\bf{Diagnostics}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{- sputum gram stain \& cultures\{\{nl\}\}- rapid flu swabs \{\{nl\}\}CXR} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.76 cm} x{4.24 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{BONE AND JOINT INFECTION}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}{\bf{Organisms}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Osteomyelitis \& infectious arthritis & Staphylococcus aureus (usually)\{\{nl\}\}Pseudomonas aeruginosa\{\{nl\}\}streptococcus\{\{nl\}\}e. coli\{\{nl\}\}staphylococcus epidermis\{\{nl\}\}anaerobes all can be isolated \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 8)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}\{\{bb\}\}Hematogenous vs. contiguous spread} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}{\bf{Signs \& Symptoms}}} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{- significan tenderness, pain, swelling, fever, chills, decreased motion, and malaise} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{- elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and white blood cell (WBC) count, positive blood cultures, synovial build analysis (increased WBC, cultures)} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 4)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{- bone changes observed on radiographs 10-14 days after the onset of infection} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{- contrasted CT scans positive even sooner} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{INTRA-ABDOMINAL INFECTION}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}{\bf{Pathophysiology}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{- Defect in the GI tract (polymicrobic)\{\{nl\}\}- Necrotizing pancreatitis (polymicrobic)\{\{nl\}\}- Perforated ulcer (polymicrobic)\{\{nl\}\}- Appendicitis (polymicrobic)\{\{nl\}\}- Penetrating trauma (polymicrobic)\{\{nl\}\}- IBD (polymicrobic)} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 5)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{- Peritoneal dialysis (eg: staphylococcus auerus)} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bb\}\}- Cirrhosis (eg: e. coli)} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}{\bf{Signs \& Symptoms}}} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{- Fever \{\{nl\}\}- Hypoactive bowel sounds\{\{nl\}\}- Abdominal distension/tenderness\{\{nl\}\}- Nausea/vomiting\{\{nl\}\}- Elevated WBC\{\{nl\}\}- Hypovolemic shock\{\{nl\}\} - Ascites fluid (eg: high WBC, high protein, gram stain)} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.4 cm} x{5.6 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{URINARY TRACT INFECTION}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}{\bf{Patho \& Organisms}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{- E. coli (85\%)\{\{nl\}\}- Staph saprophyticus\{\{nl\}\}- Proteus spp. \{\{nl\}\}- Klebsiella spp.\{\{nl\}\}- pseudomonas aeruginosa\{\{nl\}\}- enterococcus} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bb\}\}- Recurrent UTIs (reinfection more than two weeks apart)\{\{nl\}\}- Relapse less than two weeks (due to unsuccessful treatment, resistant organisms, anatomical abnormalities)} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}{\bf{Risk Factors}}} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Uncomplicated}} & Often post-coital; healthy adult female \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Complicataed}} & Male, kids\{\{nl\}\}Diabetes\{\{nl\}\}Immunocompromised\{\{nl\}\}Pregnancy\{\{nl\}\}Device-related (foley catheter)\{\{nl\}\}Menopause \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 5)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bt\}\}\{\{ac\}\}{\bf{Lower UTI Signs/Symptoms (Cystic)}}} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bb\}\}- Dysuria\{\{nl\}\}- Urgency\{\{nl\}\}- Frequency\{\{nl\}\}- Nocturia\{\{nl\}\}- Suprapubic heaviness\{\{nl\}\}- Hematuria} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 3)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}{\bf{Upper UTI Signs/Symptoms (Pyelonephritis)}}} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bb\}\}- Systemic symptoms\{\{nl\}\}- Fever\{\{nl\}\}- Nausea\{\{nl\}\}- Vomiting\{\{nl\}\}- Flank pain} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 2)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}{\bf{Diagnostics (Urinalysis)}}} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{- Significant bacteriuria\{\{nl\}\}- \textgreater{} 100,000 (10\textasciicircum{}5)/mL\{\{nl\}\}- \textgreater{} 10\textasciicircum{}2/mL + symptoms\{\{nl\}\}- RBCs\{\{nl\}\}- WBCs\{\{nl\}\}- Nitrites} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}{\bf{Epidemiology}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bb\}\}- most URI's have a viral etiology and resolved spontaneously\{\{nl\}\}a.) sinusitis, pharyngitis, otitis\{\{nl\}\}b.) symptoms lasting more than 7 days = bacterial?\{\{nl\}\}- antibiotic use puts recipient at increased risk of selection/carriage of resistant organisms and future antibiotic failure\{\{nl\}\}- bacterial infection may follow viral infection} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 7)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}{\bf{Otitis}}} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bb\}\}- day-care attendance \{\{nl\}\}- recent antibiotic exposure\{\{nl\}\}- age younger than 2 years\{\{nl\}\}- frequent bouts of otitis media\{\{nl\}\}- often follows viral nasopharyngeal infection that causes eustachian tub dysfunction\{\{nl\}\}- otalgia, fever, irritability, tugging ears, discolored (grey), thickened, bulging eardrum\{\{nl\}\}- S. pneumoniae\{\{nl\}\}- H. influenzae \{\{nl\}\}- M. catarrhalis\{\{nl\}\}- S. aureus\{\{nl\}\}- S. progenies\{\{nl\}\}- P. aeruginosa} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 9)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}{\bf{Sinusitis}}} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bb\}\}- nasal discharge/congestion\{\{nl\}\}- maxillary tooth pain \{\{nl\}\}- facial or sinus pain that may radiate\{\{nl\}\}- cough\{\{nl\}\}- nasal discharge\{\{nl\}\}- often follows visual URI that leads to inflamed nasal passages, trapping bacterial in sinuses\{\{nl\}\}- chronic/recurrent infections occur three to four times a year\{\{nl\}\}- S. pneumoniae and H. influenza} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 8)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}{\bf{Pharyngitis}}} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- viruses, group A strep, S. pyogenes\{\{nl\}\}- seasonal outbreaks occur in winter and early spring, spread via direct contact with droplets\{\{nl\}\}- sore throat, odynophagia, fever, headache\{\{nl\}\}- erythma/inflammation of the tonsils and pharynx with or without patch exudates\{\{nl\}\}- enlarged, tender lymph nodes\{\{nl\}\}- red swollen uvula\{\{nl\}\}- petechiae on the soft palate\{\{nl\}\}- rapid antigen test for GAS} \tn 
% Row Count 37 (+ 9)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{p{0.8 cm} p{0.8 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{ENDOCARDIDTIS}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}{\bf{Organisms \& Risk Factors}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{- Cardia valve abnormalities: regurgutation, prosthetic heart valves\{\{nl\}\}- intravenous drug abuse} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bb\}\}- viridian's streptococci\{\{nl\}\}- Streptococcus bovis\{\{nl\}\}- Staphylococcus aureus\{\{nl\}\}- fungal\{\{nl\}\}- HACEK: haemophilus, aggregatibacter, cardiobacterium, eikenella corrodens, kingella} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}{\bf{Diagnostics}}} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bb\}\}- persistent bacteremia/fungemia\{\{nl\}\}- echocardiography: valvular vegetation} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}{\bf{Signs/Symptoms}}} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{- fever \& murmur\{\{nl\}\}- osler nodes\{\{nl\}\}- infective emboli: renal, pulmonary, CNS} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{SKIN \& SOFT TISSUE INFECTION}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}{\bf{Organisms}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Folliculitis, furnucles (boils), and carbuncles*}} & Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Erysipelas}} & Streptococcus pyogenes \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Impetigo*}} & Staphylococcus aureus \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Lymphangitis}} & S. pyogenes \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Cellulitis}} & S. pyogenes and S. aureus \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Necrotizing Faciitis}} & S. progenes \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Diabetic Foot Infections, Decubitus Ulcers}} & Staphylococci, streptococci, enteric gram negative bacilli, and anaerobes \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 4)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{HUman/Animal Bite Wounds}} & Pasteurella multocida, eikenella ocrrodens, S. aureus, and anaerobes \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 4)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}\{\{bb\}\} * Highly Contagious *} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}{\bf{Notes}}} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{- use caution with "spider bites"\{\{nl\}\}- many of these infections originate as minor trauma, scratches (soap and water)\{\{nl\}\}- predisposing factors: diabetes mellitus, local trauma or infection, recent surgery\{\{nl\}\}- MRSA tips: transmission on fomites} \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 6)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.76 cm} x{4.24 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTION}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}{\bf{Key Facts}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Diarrhea is \{\{nl\}\}Usually Viral}} & eg: E. coli \{\{nl\}\}eg: Shigella\{\{nl\}\}eg: campylobacter\{\{nl\}\}eg: salmonella\{\{nl\}\}eg: clostridium \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 5)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Patient education \& prevention strategies are key\{\{nl\}\}eg: traveller's diarrhea\{\{nl\}\}eg: food poisoning\{\{nl\}\}eg: vaccination} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bb\}\}Pathophysiology: inflammatory secretion} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}{\bf{Signs/Symptoms}}} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bb\}\}- nausea\{\{nl\}\}- abdominal pain\{\{nl\}\}- cramping\{\{nl\}\}- bloating\{\{nl\}\}- dehydration\{\{nl\}\}fever\{\{nl\}\}- frequent urge to evacuate\{\{nl\}\}- fever blood \& severe dehydration} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 4)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}{\bf{Risk Factors}}} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{- ingestion of raw or undercooked seafood (eg: vibrio cholera or noroviruses)\{\{nl\}\}- use of antibiotics (eg: c. diff)\{\{nl\}\}- use of PPI\{\{nl\}\}- travel to tropical areas(eg: parasitic infections like guard, entamoeba, strongyloides, and cryptosporidium)\{\{nl\}\}- travel to endemic areas (eg: vibrio cholera)} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 7)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{5.44 cm} x{2.56 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{SEPSIS}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bb\}\}{\bf{Definition:}} life-threatening organ dysfunction due to a dysregulated host response to infection; it arises when the body's response to an infection injures its own tissues and organs} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}{\bf{Infection + Quick Sepsis Organ Failure Assessment}}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Altered Mental Status & GSC \textless{} 15 \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Fast Respiratory Rate & \textgreater{} 22 BPM \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Low Blood Pressure & \textless{} 100 SBP \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Increased O2 Consumption} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bb\}\}Decreased O2 Delivery} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}{\bf{Procalcitonin Levels}}} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Healthy & 0.01 \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
Local Infection & 0.1 - 0.5 \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Systemic Infection & 0.5 - 2.0 \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
Severe Sepsis & 2.0 - 10 \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{bb\}\}Septic Shock & \{\{bb\}\}\textgreater{} 10 \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}{\bf{C-Reactive Protein (mg/L)}}} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 1)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Minor Infection & 10 - 20 \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 1)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
Moderate Infection & 20- 50 \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 1)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Severe Infection & \textgreater{} 50 \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}