\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article}

% Packages
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\usepackage{multicol}           % Allows multicols in tables
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\usepackage{seqsplit}           % Splits long words.
%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}     % For underlining links
% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
\usepackage{amsmath}            % Symbols
\usepackage{MnSymbol}           % Symbols
\usepackage{wasysym}            % Symbols
%\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel}              % Languages

% Document Info
\author{Niki (worlddoit)}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (r-part5.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (Niki (worlddoit))
  /Subject (r part5 Cheat Sheet)
}

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% Header and Footer
\pagestyle{fancy}
\fancyhead{} % Set header to blank
\fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank
\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
    \SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
    }
\end{tabulary}
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{r part5 Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Niki (worlddoit)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/170195/cs/35988/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}Niki (worlddoit) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/worlddoit} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 9th December, 2022.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
  \SetRowColor{white}
  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
\raggedright
\raggedcolumns

% Set font size to small. Switch to any value
% from this page to resize cheat sheet text:
% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Environment 1}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{fa-shield\}\} The environment is the data structure that powers scoping. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
\{\{fa-shield\}\} Scoping is the process of connecting names and values. \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
\{\{fa-shield\}\} An environment binds a set of names to a set of values. It is essentially a disordered bag of names. \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 3)
\{\{fa-shield\}\} Only one environment at the time is active. \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 2)
\{\{fa-shield\}\} The active environment is also called the current environment.  \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 2)
\{\{fa-shield\}\} Upon calling a function, a new environment hosts its execution and then it is garbaged (unless captured). \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 3)
\{\{fa-bolt\}\} A {\bf{promise}} contains  \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 1)
{\bf{1)}} an expression code for the delayed computation,  \newline % Row Count 17 (+ 2)
{\bf{2)}} an environment in which it is evaluated, and  \newline % Row Count 19 (+ 2)
{\bf{3)}} a value accessed only by forcing% Row Count 20 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{(**Basics)}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Environment 2}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{fa-shield\}\} Functions to treat environments can be found in `rlang` \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
\{\{fa-shield\}\} An environment is conceptually similar to a named list \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
`\textgreater{} env1 \textless{}- rlang::env(`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
`+ x = c(FALSE, TRUE),`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
`+ y = "a",`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
`+ z = 2.3,`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1)
`+ t = matrix(1:4,2),`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
`+ )`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 1)
- Every name is unique. \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 1)
- Names are not ordered. \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 1)
- It has a parent. \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 1)
- It is always modified in place and never copied on modify. \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 2)
\{\{fa-shield\}\}  Track the parents up to the global \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 1)
`\textgreater{} rlang::env\_parents(env2)`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 17 (+ 1)
`{[}{[}1{]}{]}  \textless{}env: 000000000F217108\textgreater{}` \{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 18 (+ 1)
`{[}{[}2{]}{]} \$ \textless{}env: global\textgreater{}` \{\{noshy\}\}% Row Count 19 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{(**Basics)}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Scoping and Environments 1}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Name masking}} follows from static (lexical) scoping in the environments, things defined in the current env are used: \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3)
`\textgreater{} rm(list=ls())`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
`\textgreater{} x\textless{}-10; y\textless{}-20; g\textless{}-function(x) x+10`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
`\textgreater{} f\textless{}-function(x) \{g\textless{}-function(x) x+1; y\textless{}-1; z\textless{}-2; r\textless{}-x+y+z+g(x)`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 2)
`list(current = current\_env(), caller = caller\_env())\}`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 2)
`\textgreater{} env \textless{}- f(x = 7)`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 1)
`\textgreater{} env\_print(env\$current)`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 1)
`\textless{}environment: 0000000006124F60\textgreater{}`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 1)
`parent: \textless{}environment: global\textgreater{}`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 1)
`bindings:`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 1)
`* r: \textless{}dbl\textgreater{}`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 1)
`* z: \textless{}dbl\textgreater{}`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 1)
`* y: \textless{}dbl\textgreater{}`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 17 (+ 1)
`* g: \textless{}fn\textgreater{} \#this is the g defined in the current env`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 19 (+ 2)
`* x: \textless{}dbl\textgreater{}`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 20 (+ 1)
`\textgreater{} env\_print(env\$caller)`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 21 (+ 1)
`\textless{}environment: global\textgreater{}`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 22 (+ 1)
`parent: \textless{}environment: package:rlang\textgreater{}`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 23 (+ 1)
`bindings:`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 24 (+ 1)
`* x: \textless{}dbl\textgreater{}`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 25 (+ 1)
`* y: \textless{}dbl\textgreater{}`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 26 (+ 1)
`* env: \textless{}named list\textgreater{}`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 27 (+ 1)
`* .Random.seed: \textless{}int\textgreater{}`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 28 (+ 1)
`* f: \textless{}fn\textgreater{}`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 29 (+ 1)
`* g: \textless{}fn\textgreater{}`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 30 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Scoping and Environments 1 (cont)}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`\textgreater{} g`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
`function(x) x+10`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
`\textgreater{} env\$current\$g`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
`function(x) x+1`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
`\textless{}environment: 0x0000000006124f60\textgreater{}`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
`\textgreater{} c(env\$current\$z,env\$current\$r)`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
`{[}1{]} 2 18`\{\{noshy\}\}% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{(*** Advanced)}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{1}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 0 (+ 0)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Scoping and Environments 2}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Dynamic lookup names}} that are not defined in the current \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
environment are searched in the parents \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
`\textgreater{} rm(list=ls())`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
`\textgreater{} y \textless{}- 10`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
`\textgreater{} f \textless{}- function(x) \{z\textless{}-2; r\textless{}-x+y+z`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
`+ list(current = current\_env(), caller = caller\_env())`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 2)
`+ \}`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
`\textgreater{} env \textless{}- f(7)`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 1)
`\textgreater{} ls(env\$current)`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 1)
`{[}1{]} "r" "x" "z"`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 1)
`\textgreater{} env\$current\$y`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 1)
`NULL`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 1)
`\textgreater{} ls(env\$caller)`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 1)
`{[}1{]} "env" "f" "y"`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 1)
`\textgreater{} ls() \#`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 17 (+ 1)
`{[}1{]} "env" "f" "y"`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 18 (+ 1)
`\textgreater{} codetools::findGlobals(f)`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 19 (+ 1)
`{[}1{]} "\{" "+" "\textless{}-" "y"`\{\{noshy\}\}% Row Count 20 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{(***Advanced)}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{1 (copy)}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 0 (+ 0)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Scoping and Environments 3}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{What happens in the function, stays in the function}} \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
`\textgreater{} rm(list=ls())`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
`\textgreater{} f \textless{}- function()\{a\textless{}-1; current\_env()\}`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
`\textgreater{} f1 \textless{}- function()\{a\textless{}-2; x\textless{}\textless{}-a; current\_env()\}`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
`\textgreater{} f2 \textless{}- function()\{a\textless{}-3; a\textless{}\textless{}-a; current\_env()\}`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 2)
`\textgreater{} env \textless{}- f(); ls(env); env\$a`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
`{[}1{]} "a"`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 1)
`{[}1{]} 1`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 1)
`\textgreater{} ls()`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 1)
`{[}1{]} "env" "f" "f1" "f2"`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 1)
`\textgreater{} env1 \textless{}- f1(); ls(env1); env1\$a`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 1)
`{[}1{]} "a"`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 1)
`{[}1{]} 2`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 1)
`\textgreater{} ls(); x`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 17 (+ 1)
`{[}1{]} "env" "env1" "f" "f1" "f2" "x"`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 18 (+ 1)
`{[}1{]} 2`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 19 (+ 1)
`\textgreater{} env2 \textless{}- f2(); ls(env2); env2\$a`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 20 (+ 1)
`{[}1{]} "a"`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 21 (+ 1)
`{[}1{]} 3`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 22 (+ 1)
`\textgreater{} ls(); a`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 23 (+ 1)
`{[}1{]} "a" "env" "env1" "env2" "f" "f1" "f2" "x"`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 25 (+ 2)
`{[}1{]} 3`\{\{noshy\}\}% Row Count 26 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{(***Advanced)}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Scoping and Environments 4}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Non-functions objects are ignored in function calls}} \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
`\textgreater{} rm(list=ls())`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
`\textgreater{} x\textless{}-10; y\textless{}-20; g\textless{}-function(x) x+10`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
`\textgreater{} f \textless{}- function(x) \{g\textless{}-1; y\textless{}-1; z\textless{}-2; r\textless{}-x+y+z+g(g)`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
`+ list(current = current\_env(), caller = caller\_env())`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 2)
`+ \}`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
`\textgreater{} env\textless{}-f(7)`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 1)
`\textgreater{} ls(env\$current)`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 1)
`{[}1{]} "g" "r" "x" "y" "z"`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 1)
`\textgreater{} ls(env\$caller) \#or simply ls()`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 1)
`{[}1{]} "env" "f" "g" "x" "y"`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 1)
`\textgreater{} env\$current\$g`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 1)
`{[}1{]} 1`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 1)
`\textgreater{} env\$caller\$g \#or simply g`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 17 (+ 1)
`function(x) x+10`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 18 (+ 1)
`\textgreater{} fn\_env(g)`\{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 19 (+ 1)
`\textless{}environment: R\_GlobalEnv\textgreater{}`\{\{noshy\}\}% Row Count 20 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{(***Advanced)}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}