\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article}

% Packages
\usepackage{fancyhdr}           % For header and footer
\usepackage{multicol}           % Allows multicols in tables
\usepackage{tabularx}           % Intelligent column widths
\usepackage{tabulary}           % Used in header and footer
\usepackage{hhline}             % Border under tables
\usepackage{graphicx}           % For images
\usepackage{xcolor}             % For hex colours
%\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}    % For unicode character support
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}        % Without this we get weird character replacements
\usepackage{colortbl}           % For coloured tables
\usepackage{setspace}           % For line height
\usepackage{lastpage}           % Needed for total page number
\usepackage{seqsplit}           % Splits long words.
%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}     % For underlining links
% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
\usepackage{amsmath}            % Symbols
\usepackage{MnSymbol}           % Symbols
\usepackage{wasysym}            % Symbols
%\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel}              % Languages

% Document Info
\author{Niki (worlddoit)}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (r-part4-1.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (Niki (worlddoit))
  /Subject (r part4.1 Cheat Sheet)
}

% Lengths and widths
\addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm}
\addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm}
\addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm}
\addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm}
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns
\setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content
\setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it
\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line
\renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit
% This two commands together give roughly
% the right line height in the tables
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3}
\onehalfspacing

% Commands
\newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour
\newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols
\newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns
\newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use

% Font and Colours
\definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666}
\definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{566BA3}
\definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{F4F5F9}
\renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault}
\color{TextColor}

% Header and Footer
\pagestyle{fancy}
\fancyhead{} % Set header to blank
\fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank
\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
    \SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
    }
\end{tabulary}
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{r part4.1 Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Niki (worlddoit)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/170195/cs/35878/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}Niki (worlddoit) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/worlddoit} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 4th December, 2022.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
  \SetRowColor{white}
  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
\raggedright
\raggedcolumns

% Set font size to small. Switch to any value
% from this page to resize cheat sheet text:
% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Dataframe 1}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{data.frame(data, row.names = NULL,...) \{\{noshy\}\} \newline data.frame(name1 = vector1, name2 = vector2,...) \{\{noshy\}\} \newline \textgreater{} vec1\textless{}-c( 25, 24, 21, 23, 22) \{\{noshy\}\} \newline \textgreater{} vec2\textless{}-c("M","F","F","M","F") \{\{noshy\}\} \newline \textgreater{} vec3\textless{}-c("A1","A2","A3","A1","A2") \{\{noshy\}\} \newline \textgreater{} (df1 \textless{}- data.frame(age=vec1, sex=vec2, group=vec3))\{\{noshy\}\} \newline   age sex group \{\{noshy\}\} \newline 1  25   M    A1 \newline 2  24   F    A2 \newline 3  21   F    A3 \newline 4  23   M    A1 \newline 5  22   F    A2} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{(**Basics)}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{3.83229 cm} x{1.14471 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Dataframe 2}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`is.object(df1)`\{\{noshy\}\} & TRUE \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
`typeof(df1)`\{\{noshy\}\} & "list" \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`class(df1)`\{\{noshy\}\} & \seqsplit{"data.frame"} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
`sloop::otype(df1)`\{\{noshy\}\} & "S3" \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`df1{[}c(1,2){]} \{\{nl\}\} df1{[}{[}2{]}{]} \{\{nl\}\} df1{[}{[}"sex"{]}{]} \{\{nl\}\}  df1\$sex`\{\{noshy\}\} & \seqsplit{Subsetting} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{(**Basics)}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{1}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 0 (+ 0)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Dataframe 3}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Important functionality: \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
`str(df1)` \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
`attributes(df1)` \{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
`merge()` \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
merge by common columns or row names \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
`cbind()` `rbind()`  \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
`head()` \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
visualize the first rows of a df \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1)
`attach()` \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
df can be attached  \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 1)
`summary()` \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 1)
basic statistics% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{(**Basics)}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Dataframe 4}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Dataframes can contain lists: \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
`1) df \textless{}- data.frame(x=1:3); df\$y \textless{}- list(1:2,1:3,1:4) ` \{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 2)
`2) df \textless{}- data.frame(x = 1:3, y = I(list(1:2, 1:3, 1:4))) ` \{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2)
Can be also matrices: \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
`dfm \textless{}- data.frame(x = 1:3 * 10)` \{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
`dfm\$y \textless{}- matrix(1:9, nrow = 3)` \{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1)
`dfm\$z \textless{}- data.frame(a = 3:1, b = letters{[}1:3{]})` \{\{noshy\}\}% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{(***Adanced)}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{2}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 0 (+ 0)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Tibbles 1}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Part of the `tidyverse` \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
More flexible than datasets: \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
`(tib0\textless{}-tibble(x = 1:3, y = 1, z = x\textasciicircum{}2+y,` \{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
 `name = letters{[}1:3{]}, lis = list(1:5,1:10,1:20)))` \{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
Can be more rigid: recycling \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
`(tib2 \textless{}- tibble::tibble(age=1, sex=vec2, group=vec3))` \{\{noshy\}\}% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{(**Basics)}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.38896 cm} x{2.58804 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Tibbles 2}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`attributes(tib0)`\{\{noshy\}\} & \$names, \{\{nl\}\}\$row.names, \{\{nl\}\}\$class \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
`mode(tib0)`\{\{noshy\}\} & "list" \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`typeof(tib0)`\{\{noshy\}\} & "list" \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
`class(tib0)`\{\{noshy\}\} & "tbl\_df" \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`sloop::otype(tib0)`\{\{noshy\}\} & "S3" \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
`is\_tibble()`\{\{noshy\}\} & Test if tibble \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`as.data.frame()`\{\{noshy\}\} & Convert to df \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
`tribble()`\{\{noshy\}\} & Table format \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{(**Basics)}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{1}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 0 (+ 0)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Control flow}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`if()` statements  \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
 `\textgreater{} if(x \textgreater{} 10) \{y\textless{}-x ; print(y)\}` \{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
`+ else \{y\textless{}-x+1 ; print(y)\}` \{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
`switch()` tests an expression against elements of a list.  \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2)
`switch(x, "red", "green", "blue", stop("No"))` \{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 2)
`case\_when()` statements  \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1)
`\textgreater{} dplyr::case\_when(` \{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
`+ x\%\%5==0\textasciitilde{}"a",` \{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 1)
`+ x\textgreater{}6\textasciitilde{}"great",` \{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 1)
`+ TRUE \textasciitilde{} as.character(x))` \{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 1)
`for` loops \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 1)
`\textgreater{} for (i in 1:4) print(i)` \{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 1)
`next` exits an iteration  \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 1)
`break` exits the loop \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 1)
`while()` statement \newline % Row Count 17 (+ 1)
`\textgreater{} while(x \textless{} 4) \{print(x); x\textless{}-x+1\}` \{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 18 (+ 1)
`repeat\{\}` statement \newline % Row Count 19 (+ 1)
`repeat \{print(x); x\textless{}-x+1; if(x==5) break\}` \{\{noshy\}\}% Row Count 21 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{(**Basics)(***Advanced)}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Functions 1}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{ "Everything that exists is an object. Everything that happens is a function call." }} \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
Types of functions: \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
{\bf{closure functions}}, these are the usual functions create or encounter while using R. \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2)
{\bf{builtin functions}}, primitive/internal functions that generally rely on C code and pass their arguments in an evaluated way. \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 3)
{\bf{special functions}}, primitive/internal functions that rely on C code and pass their arguments in an unevaluated way \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 3)
The typical syntax for a closure function \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 1)
`fname \textless{}- function(arg1, arg2, ... )\{` \{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 1)
`         body:  expressions and return value \}` \{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 2)
`fname(arg1 = val1, arg2 = val2)` \{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 1)
Example: \newline % Row Count 17 (+ 1)
`\textgreater{} mysum \textless{}- function(x,y)\{x+y \#just make a sum +\}` \{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 19 (+ 2)
`\textgreater{} mysum(1,2)` \{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 20 (+ 1)
`{[}1{]} 3` \{\{noshy\}\}% Row Count 21 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{(**Basics)}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Functions 2}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`is.object(mysum)` \{\{noshy\}\} & FALSE \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
`typeof(mysum)`\{\{noshy\}\} & "closure" \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`class(mysum)`\{\{noshy\}\} & "function" \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
`sloop::otype(mysum)`\{\{noshy\}\} & "base" \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`mysum`\{\{noshy\}\} & `function(x,y)\{x+y\}` \{\{nl\}\} prints \{\{noshy\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
`typeof(sum)`\{\{noshy\}\} & "builtin" functions \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`mean(2,3,10) !=\{\{nl\}\} mean(c(2,3,10))`\{\{noshy\}\} & 2 != \{\{nl\}\} 5 \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{(**Basics)(***Advanced)}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.63781 cm} x{2.33919 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Functions 2}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`is.object(mysum)` & FALSE \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
`typeof(mysum)` & "closure" \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`class(mysum)` & "function" \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{`sloop::otype(mysum)`} & "base" \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`mysum` & `function(x,y)\{x+y\}` \{\{nl\}\} prints \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
typeof(sum) & "builtin" functions \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`mean(2,3,10) !=\{\{nl\}\} mean(c(2,3,10))` & 2 != \{\{nl\}\} 5 \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{(**Basics)(***Advanced)}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Functions 3}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Make lists of functions: \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
`\textgreater{} funs \textless{}- list(` \{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
`+   half = function(x) x / 2,` \{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
`+ double = function(x) x * 2 +)` \{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
`\textgreater{} funs\$double(10); funs\$half(10)` \{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
 Arguments are evaluated only if accessed  \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
`\textgreater{} f\textless{}- function(x,y) x+1 \#y is ignored ` \{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 2)
`\textgreater{} f(2)` \{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
`{[}1{]} 3` \{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 1)
 Arguments can be defined later \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 1)
`\textgreater{} f\textless{}- function(x,y) \{y\textless{}-2;x+y\} ` \{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 1)
`\textgreater{} f(2)` \{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 1)
`{[}1{]} 4` \{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 1)
 Arguments can be forced  \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 1)
`\textgreater{} f \textless{}- function(x) \{` \{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 1)
`+ force(x)` \{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 17 (+ 1)
`+ 10` \{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 18 (+ 1)
`+\}` \{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 19 (+ 1)
`\textgreater{} f(stop("This is an error!"))` \{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 20 (+ 1)
`Error in force(x) : This is an error!` \{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 21 (+ 1)
A promise is forced when its value is needed \newline % Row Count 22 (+ 1)
`\textgreater{} f\textless{}-function(x, label = deparse(x)) \{` \{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 24 (+ 2)
`+ label \#this forces the promise` \{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 25 (+ 1)
`+ x \textless{}- x + 1 \# change in x does not affect promise` \{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 27 (+ 2)
`+ print(label)\}` \{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 28 (+ 1)
`\textgreater{} f1\textless{}-function(x, label = deparse(x)) \{` \{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 30 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Functions 3 (cont)}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`+ x \textless{}- x + 1 \#the change in x will affect the label promise` \{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
` + print(label)\}` \{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
`\textgreater{} f(1)` \{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
`{[}1{]} "1"` \{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
`\textgreater{} f1(1)` \{\{noshy\}\} \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
`{[}1{]} "2"` \{\{noshy\}\}% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{(***Advanced)}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}