\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article} % Packages \usepackage{fancyhdr} % For header and footer \usepackage{multicol} % Allows multicols in tables \usepackage{tabularx} % Intelligent column widths \usepackage{tabulary} % Used in header and footer \usepackage{hhline} % Border under tables \usepackage{graphicx} % For images \usepackage{xcolor} % For hex colours %\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc} % For unicode character support \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % Without this we get weird character replacements \usepackage{colortbl} % For coloured tables \usepackage{setspace} % For line height \usepackage{lastpage} % Needed for total page number \usepackage{seqsplit} % Splits long words. %\usepackage{opensans} % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely. \usepackage[normalem]{ulem} % For underlining links % Most of the following are not required for the majority % of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support. \usepackage{amsmath} % Symbols \usepackage{MnSymbol} % Symbols \usepackage{wasysym} % Symbols %\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel} % Languages % Document Info \author{walkingonsunshine} \pdfinfo{ /Title (occupiers-liability-evaluation.pdf) /Creator (Cheatography) /Author (walkingonsunshine) /Subject (occupiers liability evaluation Cheat Sheet) } % Lengths and widths \addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm} \addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm} \addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm} \addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm} \setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns \setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content \setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it \renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line \renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit % This two commands together give roughly % the right line height in the tables \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3} \onehalfspacing % Commands \newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour \newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols \newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns \newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use % Font and Colours \definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666} \definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{A3A3A3} \definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{F3F3F3} \renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault} \color{TextColor} % Header and Footer \pagestyle{fancy} \fancyhead{} % Set header to blank \fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank \fancyhead[L]{ \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \vspace{-7pt} {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}} } \end{tabulary} \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L} \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{occupiers liability evaluation Cheat Sheet}}}} \\ \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{walkingonsunshine} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/153286/cs/33179/}}} \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}walkingonsunshine \\ \uline{cheatography.com/walkingonsunshine} \\ \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}Published 15th July, 2022.\\ Updated 15th July, 2022.\\ Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}. \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}} \\ \SetRowColor{white} \vspace{-5pt} %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg} Measure your website readability!\\ www.readability-score.com \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \begin{document} \raggedright \raggedcolumns % Set font size to small. Switch to any value % from this page to resize cheat sheet text: % www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html \footnotesize % Small font. \begin{multicols*}{3} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{POSSIBLE REFORMS}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{To introduce no fault liability so that the injured visitor, whether lawful or trespasser, should be able to claim compensation} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{A possible reform would be to have a state-run compensation scheme paid for by a levy.the government is following an approach of imposing a general tax on all insurance policies and is not proposing to allocate any monies raised to set up such a compensation scheme.} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 6) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The main reform in this area seems to be the approach of personal responsibility imposed by judges This approach appears to now apply to claims by lawful visitors as shown in the recent cases of Edwards v Sutton BC (2016) and Dean and Chapter of Rochester Cathedral v Debell (2016).} \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 6) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Trespassers who are injured can claim damages for personal injuries only} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{THE CURRENT APPROACH OF THE COURTS}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{the courts are trying to send a message that, despite publicity suggesting there is a compensation culture operating in the UK, visitors have to take personal responsibility for their safety and that sometimes pure accidents do happen. This was shown in Laverton v Kiapasha Takeaway Supreme (2002) and has been reinforced in the Dean and Chapter of Rochester Cathedral v Debell (2016). If these claims had been decided in favour of the claimants then it is likely that many other similar claims would follow and the cost of insurance would rise for all.} \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 12) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{the 1984 Act: "There are, however, circumstances in which it may be foreseeable that a trespasser will appreciate that a dangerous feature of the premises poses a risk of injury, but will nevertheless deliberately court the danger and risk the injury. It seems to me that, at least where the individual is an adult, it will be rare that those circumstances will be such that the occupier can reasonably be expected to offer some protection to the trespasser against the risk."} \tn % Row Count 22 (+ 10) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Public opinion would support the view that an occupier does not deliberately injure a trespasser. However, there would be less support for allowing claims by trespassers. The approach of judges to make it difficult for trespassers to claim when injured by obvious dangers would have popular support.} \tn % Row Count 28 (+ 6) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{it has to be borne in mind that if the visitor, whether lawful or trespasser, is severely injured and is unsuccessful in claiming, the burden of caring for them for the rest of his or her life is likely to be passed to the state.} \tn % Row Count 33 (+ 5) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The occupier will not be libale if the trespasser is injured by an obvious risk or injury occurs at an unusual time of day or tear. the occupier I don't require to spend a considerable amount of money in protecting the trespasser from obvious in dangers.} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{COMPARING THE 1957 AND 1984 ACTS}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The duty imposed on occupiers has been imposed by statute, whereas in negligence it is a common law duty. The statutes dealing with occupiers' duty were introduced at different times. The 1957 Act deals with liability to lawful visitors and the 1984 Act deals With liability to trespassers.} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 6) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{There appear to be some differences between the two Acts and the duties imposed on occupiers. 1) The 1957 Act allows for claims for personal injury and for damage to property whereas the 1984 Act allows claims for personal injury only. 2 )As a result of this the compensation that can be awarded to trespassers is more limited.The two Aacts set two different approaches to the imposition of a duty. 3 ) For claims under both Acts it is 'necessary to identify the particular danger before one can see to what (if anything the occupier's duty is', per L McCombe in Edwards v Sutton LBC (2016). 4) Except for child visitors, the 1957 Act does not require the court to consider whether the premises are safe for the particular visitor who is injured. 5) The 1984 Act gives trespassers the right to make claims, but judges seem to find reasons not to allow claims by trespassers. This reflects public opinion which does not support a person who should not be on premises from profiting from their actions. 6) No duty is owed by the occupier when the trespasser is injured due to an obvious danger.} \tn % Row Count 28 (+ 22) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{This concept of obvious dangers has also recently been introduced into claims under the 1957 Act. In Edwards v Sutton LBC (2016) when the claimant was badly injured when he fell off a bridge over a stream in a public park,} \tn % Row Count 33 (+ 5) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{COMPARING THE 1957 AND 1984 ACTS (cont)}} \tn % Row 3 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The approach to the bridge was clear and unobstructed. The width of the bridge and the height of the parapets were also obvious to the eye. Any user of the bridge would appreciate the need to take care and any user limiting the width of the bridge's track, by pushing a bicycle to his side, would see the need to take extra care. It is not necessary to give a warning against obvious dangers ... Not every accident} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 9) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} % That's all folks \end{multicols*} \end{document}