\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article} % Packages \usepackage{fancyhdr} % For header and footer \usepackage{multicol} % Allows multicols in tables \usepackage{tabularx} % Intelligent column widths \usepackage{tabulary} % Used in header and footer \usepackage{hhline} % Border under tables \usepackage{graphicx} % For images \usepackage{xcolor} % For hex colours %\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc} % For unicode character support \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % Without this we get weird character replacements \usepackage{colortbl} % For coloured tables \usepackage{setspace} % For line height \usepackage{lastpage} % Needed for total page number \usepackage{seqsplit} % Splits long words. %\usepackage{opensans} % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely. \usepackage[normalem]{ulem} % For underlining links % Most of the following are not required for the majority % of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support. \usepackage{amsmath} % Symbols \usepackage{MnSymbol} % Symbols \usepackage{wasysym} % Symbols %\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel} % Languages % Document Info \author{Conc. (Walkask)} \pdfinfo{ /Title (organic-chem.pdf) /Creator (Cheatography) /Author (Conc. (Walkask)) /Subject (organic chem Cheat Sheet) } % Lengths and widths \addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm} \addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm} \addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm} \addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm} \setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns \setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content \setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it \renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line \renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit % This two commands together give roughly % the right line height in the tables \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3} \onehalfspacing % Commands \newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour \newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols \newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns \newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use % Font and Colours \definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666} \definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{009499} \definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{EFF8F8} \renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault} \color{TextColor} % Header and Footer \pagestyle{fancy} \fancyhead{} % Set header to blank \fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank \fancyhead[L]{ \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \vspace{-7pt} {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}} } \end{tabulary} \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L} \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{organic chem Cheat Sheet}}}} \\ \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Conc. (Walkask)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/167118/cs/43605/}}} \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}Conc. (Walkask) \\ \uline{cheatography.com/walkask} \\ \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}Published 9th June, 2024.\\ Updated 7th October, 2024.\\ Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}. \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}} \\ \SetRowColor{white} \vspace{-5pt} %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg} Measure your website readability!\\ www.readability-score.com \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \begin{document} \raggedright \raggedcolumns % Set font size to small. Switch to any value % from this page to resize cheat sheet text: % www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html \footnotesize % Small font. \begin{multicols*}{3} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.66832 cm} x{1.42018 cm} x{1.42018 cm} p{0.66832 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{烷烃}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{反应类型}} & {\bf{通式/反应机理}} & {\bf{例子}} & {\bf{产物}} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{燃烧} & C\textasciitilde{}x\textasciitilde{}H\textasciitilde{}y\textasciitilde{} + (X+$\frac{1}{4}$Y)O\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{} -\textasciicircum{}点燃\textasciicircum{}-\textgreater{}X CO\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{} +($\frac{1}{2}$Y)H\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{}O & CH\textasciitilde{}4\textasciitilde{} +2O\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{} -\textasciicircum{}点燃\textasciicircum{}-\textgreater{} CO\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{} +2H\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{}O & \seqsplit{二氧化碳,水} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 5) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{取代(卤化)} & 链引发:\{\{nl\}\}Cl\textasciicircum{}·\textasciicircum{}-Cl\textasciicircum{}·\textasciicircum{}-\textasciicircum{}光照\textasciicircum{}-\textgreater{}Cl\textasciitilde{}·\textasciitilde{}+Cl\textasciitilde{}·\textasciitilde{} (离子)\{\{nl\}\} 链传递:\{\{nl\}\}Cl\textasciitilde{}·\textasciitilde{}+CH\textasciitilde{}4\textasciitilde{}-\textgreater{}HCl + H\textasciitilde{}3\textasciitilde{}C\textasciicircum{}·\textasciicircum{} \{\{nl\}\}H\textasciitilde{}3\textasciitilde{}C\textasciicircum{}·\textasciicircum{} + Cl\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{}-\textgreater{}CH\textasciitilde{}3\textasciitilde{}Cl+Cl\textasciitilde{}·\textasciitilde{}\{\{nl\}\}链终止:\{\{nl\}\} Cl\textasciicircum{}·\textasciicircum{} + Cl\textasciitilde{}·\textasciitilde{}-\textgreater{}Cl\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{}\{\{nl\}\}Cl\textasciitilde{}·\textasciitilde{}+CH\textasciitilde{}3\textasciitilde{}\textasciicircum{}·\textasciicircum{}-\textgreater{}CH\textasciitilde{}3\textasciitilde{}Cl\{\{nl\}\}H\textasciitilde{}3\textasciitilde{}C\textasciitilde{}·\textasciitilde{}+ CH\textasciitilde{}3\textasciitilde{}\textasciicircum{}·\textasciicircum{}-\textgreater{}C\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{}H\textasciitilde{}6\textasciitilde{} & CH\textasciitilde{}4\textasciitilde{} + Cl\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{} -\textasciicircum{}光照\textasciicircum{}-\textgreater{} CH\textasciitilde{}3\textasciitilde{}Cl + HCl \{\{nl\}\}CH\textasciitilde{}3\textasciitilde{}Cl + Cl\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{} -\textasciicircum{}光照\textasciicircum{}-\textgreater{} CH\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{}Cl\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{} + HCl \{\{nl\}\}CH\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{}Cl\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{} + Cl\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{} -光照-\textgreater{} CHCl\textasciitilde{}3\textasciitilde{} + HCl \{\{nl\}\} CHCl\textasciitilde{}3\textasciitilde{} + Cl\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{} -光照-\textgreater{} CCl + HCl & \seqsplit{卤代烃} \tn % Row Count 30 (+ 22) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.66832 cm} x{1.42018 cm} x{1.42018 cm} p{0.66832 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{烷烃 (cont)}} \tn % Row 3 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{受热分解} & CH\textasciitilde{}4\textasciitilde{}-\textasciicircum{}加热1000°C\textasciicircum{}-\textgreater{}C+H\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{} & C\textasciitilde{}16\textasciitilde{}H\textasciitilde{}34\textasciitilde{}-\textasciicircum{}Δ\textasciicircum{}-\textgreater{}C\textasciitilde{}4\textasciitilde{}H\textasciitilde{}10\textasciitilde{} + C\textasciitilde{}4\textasciitilde{}H\textasciitilde{}8\textasciitilde{} & \seqsplit{烷烃,烯烃} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.79363 cm} x{1.21133 cm} x{0.96071 cm} x{1.21133 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{环烷烃}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{反应类型}} & {\bf{特性}} & {\bf{例子}} & {\bf{产物}} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} 取代 & 在{\bf{光照或加热条件下}}进行{\bf{卤代反应}},可生成{\bf{卤代烷}} & Δ+Cl\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{} -\textasciicircum{}光照\textasciicircum{}-\textgreater{}Δ\_Cl + HCl & 卤代烷 \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 8) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 开环{\bf{(催化加氢)}} & {\bf{环破裂与试剂结合}} & Δ+H\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{} -\textasciicircum{}Ni\textasciicircum{}-\textgreater{} C\textasciitilde{}3\textasciitilde{}H\textasciitilde{}8\textasciitilde{} & 烷烃 \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 4) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} 开环{\bf{(加H\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{} 或 HX)}} & {\bf{环大小不同,开环难易度也不同}} & Δ+Br\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{} -\textgreater{} BrCH\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{}CH\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{}CH\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{}Br & \seqsplit{视反应物决定,反应物断键接在环烷烃两端} \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 6) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{烯烃}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{反应类型}}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{加成} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 0) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 0) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 0) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 0) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{氧化反应} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 0) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 0) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\seqsplit{聚合/加成聚合反应}} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{燃烧} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{炔烃}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{反应类型}}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{加成} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 0) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 0) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 0) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 0) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{燃烧} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\seqsplit{末段炔的金属取代反应}} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 0) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{卤代烃}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{反应类型}}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{水解反应} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{与氰化物反应} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{与氨气反应} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{消去反应} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{与金属反应} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 0) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{醇}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{反应类型}}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{醇与金属反应\{\{nl\}\}{\bf{(置换反应)}}\{\{nl\}\}断O-H键} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{醇与羧酸反应\{\{nl\}\}{\bf{(酯化反应)}}\{\{nl\}\}断O-H键} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{醇与HX反应\{\{nl\}\}{\bf{(取代反应)}}\{\{nl\}\}断C-OH键} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{醇与卤化磷反应\{\{nl\}\}{\bf{(取代反应)}}\{\{nl\}\}断C-OH键} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 2) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{分子内脱水反应\{\{nl\}\}{\bf{(消去反应)}}\{\{nl\}\}醇-\textgreater{}烯烃} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 2) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{分子间脱水反应\{\{nl\}\}{\bf{(消去反应)}}\{\{nl\}\}醇-\textgreater{}醚} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 2) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{α碳必须拥有至少一个H原子\{\{nl\}\}一级醇与高锰酸钾反应{\bf{(氧化还原反应)}}} \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 2) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{α碳必须拥有至少一个H原子\{\{nl\}\}二级醇与高锰酸钾反应{\bf{(氧化还原反应)}}} \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 2) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{α碳必须拥有至少一个H原子\{\{nl\}\}一级醇与灼热的铜丝(300°C)反应{\bf{(氧化还原反应)}}} \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 3) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{醛}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{反应类型}}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{与HCN反应\{\{nl\}\}{\bf{加成反应}}} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{与R-OH反应\{\{nl\}\}{\bf{加成反应}}} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{与R-MgX{\bf{格氏试剂}}反应} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{与R-MgX{\bf{格氏试剂}}反应} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{氧化反应} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{氧化反应} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{还原反应} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{克里孟生反应\{\{nl\}\}{\bf{还原反应}}} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{坎尼查罗反应\{\{nl\}\}{\bf{分子间氧化还原反应}}} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 2) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{碘仿反应} \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 1) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{缩合反应} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{酮}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{反应类型}}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{与HCN反应\{\{nl\}\}{\bf{加成反应}}} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{与R-OH反应\{\{nl\}\}{\bf{加成反应}}} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{与R-MgX\{\{nl\}\}{\bf{格氏试剂}}反应} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{氧化反应} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{还原反应} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{碘仿反应} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{缩合反应} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{羧酸}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{反应类型}}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{鉴定酸性性质} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 0) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 0) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 0) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{生成羧酸衍生物} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 0) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 0) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 0) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{还原反应} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{甲酸与乙二酸}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{化学性质}}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{甲酸与乙二酸}}只能与浓硫酸脱水} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{氧化反应} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{甲酸}}可与**托伦试剂反应} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{甲酸}}可与**斐林试剂反应} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{甲酸}}高温分解} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{甲酸}}可与PCl\textasciitilde{}3\textasciitilde{}、PCl\textasciitilde{}5\textasciitilde{}反应} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\seqsplit{甲酸同时含有两个官能团,分别为醛基与羟基}} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{酯类}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{反应类型}}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{酸性}}水解反应} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{碱性}}水解反应} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{还原反应} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{腈类}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{反应类型}}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{酸性条件水解} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{碱性条件水解} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{催化加氢} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.58478 cm} p{0.58478 cm} x{1.50372 cm} x{1.50372 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{苯环的取代反应}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{反应种类}} & {\bf{反应试剂}} & {\bf{催化剂与温度}} & {\bf{产物}} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 4) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{卤化} & Cl\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{}、Br\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{} & AlX\textasciitilde{}3\textasciitilde{} 或FeX\textasciitilde{}3\textasciitilde{} & {\bf{氯苯与HCl}}或{\bf{溴苯与HBr}}\{\{nl\}\}一般会产生{\bf{少量}}的{\bf{二卤代苯}},且主要为{\bf{邻二卤苯}}和{\bf{对二卤苯}} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 10) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{硝化} & \seqsplit{浓硝酸} & \seqsplit{浓硫酸60°C} & 硝基苯与水\{\{nl\}\}硝基苯的物理性质:微黄色油状液体 \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 5) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} & & 浓硫酸100°C\{\{nl\}\}(引入第二个硝基) & 间二甲苯 \tn % Row Count 23 (+ 4) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{磺化} & \seqsplit{浓硫酸} & 80°C & \seqsplit{苯磺酸与水} \tn % Row Count 25 (+ 2) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} & & 200°C\{\{nl\}\}(引入第二个磺酸基) & \seqsplit{间苯二磺酸} \tn % Row Count 28 (+ 3) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{烷基化} & \seqsplit{卤代烷} & AlX\textasciitilde{}3\textasciitilde{} & 反应中,苯的{\bf{H原子被烷基(-CH\textasciitilde{}3\textasciitilde{}、-C\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{}H\textasciitilde{}5\textasciitilde{})取代}} \tn % Row Count 33 (+ 5) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.58478 cm} p{0.58478 cm} x{1.50372 cm} x{1.50372 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{苯环的取代反应 (cont)}} \tn % Row 7 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{酰基化} & \seqsplit{酰卤、酸酐} & AlX\textasciitilde{}3\textasciitilde{} & 反应中,苯与{\bf{酰卤、酸酐}}反应生成{\bf{酮}} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 4) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.62655 cm} p{0.58478 cm} x{1.62903 cm} x{1.33664 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{苯}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{反应类型}} & {\bf{试剂}} & {\bf{条件}} & {\bf{产物}} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{取代反应} & \seqsplit{参考上一则} & - & \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 3) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{加成反应} & 加H\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{} & 在{\bf{Pt、Pa、Ni}}的催化下进行氢化反应 & \seqsplit{生成环己烷} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 4) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} & 加X\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{} & 在{\bf{光照}}下,氯气通入沸腾的苯进行氯化反应 & 生成1,2,3,4,5,6-六氯环己烷 \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 5) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{燃烧反应} & \seqsplit{氧气} & 点燃 & \seqsplit{水和二氧化碳} \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.04057 cm} x{2.93643 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{苯环进行取代基}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{苯环的活化基}} & -NH\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{}、-OH、-OR、-R、-C\textasciitilde{}6\textasciitilde{}H\textasciitilde{}5\textasciitilde{}、-X \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{苯环的活化基效果}} & 当苯环存在活化基时,则第二个取代基主要进入{\bf{邻位}}和{\bf{对位}} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 4) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{苯环的钝化基}} & -NO\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{}、-CN、-COOH、SO\textasciitilde{}3\textasciitilde{}H、COOR、-CO、COCl、CONH\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 3) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{苯环的钝化基效果}} & 当苯环存在钝化基时,则第二个取代基主要进入{\bf{间位}} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 4) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{甲苯}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{烷基苯化学反应}}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{甲苯} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{甲苯} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{甲苯} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{甲苯} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{甲苯} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{加成反应}}\{\{nl\}\}甲苯} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{苯环侧链反应}}\{\{nl\}\}甲苯} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 0) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 0) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{苯酚}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{反应类型}} & {\bf{反应试剂}} & {\bf{特性/现象}} & {\bf{例子}} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{置换反应(证明苯酚具有酸的性质)} & \seqsplit{与活泼金属(K、Ca、Na、Mg、Al)} & \seqsplit{生成氢气} & 2C\textasciitilde{}6\textasciitilde{}H\textasciitilde{}5\textasciitilde{}OH+2Na-\textgreater{}2C\textasciitilde{}6\textasciitilde{}H\textasciitilde{}5\textasciitilde{}ONa+H\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 5) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{中和反应(证明苯酚具有酸的性质)} & \seqsplit{与强碱溶液(NaOH溶液、KOH溶液)} & \seqsplit{生成水和盐} & C\textasciitilde{}6\textasciitilde{}H\textasciitilde{}5\textasciitilde{}OH+NaOH-\textgreater{}C\textasciitilde{}6\textasciitilde{}H\textasciitilde{}5\textasciitilde{}ONa+H\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{}O \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 5) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{取代反应(卤化)} & X\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{} & 反应后生成物会接在邻位和对位\{\{nl\}\}生成2,4,6-三溴苯酚(白色沉淀)与酸性白雾 & C\textasciitilde{}6\textasciitilde{}H\textasciitilde{}5\textasciitilde{}OH+3Br\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{}-\textasciicircum{}H\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{}O\textasciicircum{}-\textgreater{}2,4,6-三溴苯酚 + 3HBr \tn % Row Count 23 (+ 11) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{取代反应(磺化)} & 浓H\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{}SO\textasciitilde{}4\textasciitilde{}\{\{nl\}\}25 °C & 反应后生成物会接在邻位和对位\{\{nl\}\}加热后会转化为4-羟基苯磺酸 & C\textasciitilde{}6\textasciitilde{}H\textasciitilde{}5\textasciitilde{}OH+H\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{}SO\textasciitilde{}4\textasciitilde{}(浓)-\textasciicircum{}25 °C\textasciicircum{}-\textgreater{}2-羟基苯磺酸+H\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{}O \tn % Row Count 32 (+ 9) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{苯酚 (cont)}} \tn % Row 5 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{取代反应(磺化)} & 浓H\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{}SO\textasciitilde{}4\textasciitilde{}\{\{nl\}\}100 °C & 反应后生成物会接在邻位和对位\{\{nl\}\} & C\textasciitilde{}6\textasciitilde{}H\textasciitilde{}5\textasciitilde{}OH+H\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{}SO\textasciitilde{}4\textasciitilde{}(稀)-\textasciicircum{}100 °C\textasciicircum{}-\textgreater{}4-羟基苯磺酸+H\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{}O \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 7) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{取代反应(硝化)} & 稀HNO\textasciitilde{}3\textasciitilde{} & 反应后生成物会接在邻位和对位\{\{nl\}\}制取{\bf{2-硝基苯酚}}和{\bf{4-硝基苯酚}} & C\textasciitilde{}6\textasciitilde{}H\textasciitilde{}5\textasciitilde{}OH+HNO\textasciitilde{}3\textasciitilde{}(稀)-\textgreater{}2-硝基苯酚+H\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{}O \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 10) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{取代反应(硝化)} & 浓HNO\textasciitilde{}3\textasciitilde{} & 反应后生成物会接在邻位和对位\{\{nl\}\}制得{\bf{2,4,6-三硝基苯酚}} & C\textasciitilde{}6\textasciitilde{}H\textasciitilde{}5\textasciitilde{}OH+3HNO\textasciitilde{}3\textasciitilde{}(浓)-\textgreater{}2,4,6-三硝基苯酚 \tn % Row Count 26 (+ 9) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{取代反应(氢化)} & H\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{} & \seqsplit{反应后生成环己醇} & C\textasciitilde{}6\textasciitilde{}H\textasciitilde{}5\textasciitilde{}OH+3H\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{}-\textasciicircum{}Ni,Δ\textasciicircum{}-\textgreater{}环己醇 \tn % Row Count 30 (+ 4) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{各个有机物的制取}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{制取名称}}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{热裂化} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{热裂解} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{催化裂化} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{石油裂化} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{醇脱水法} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{卤代烃脱卤化氢法} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{碳化钙与水反应} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{热裂解} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{卤代物的消去反应} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 1) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{烷烃与X\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{}发生自由基连取代反应} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 1) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{醇分子的羟基被卤原子取代制得\{\{nl\}\}取代反应} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 2) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}||} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 1) % Row 13 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}||} \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 1) % Row 14 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{不饱和烃与卤素和卤化氢的反应\{\{nl\}\}加成反应} \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 2) % Row 15 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}||} \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 1) % Row 16 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{在丙酮溶液中,常用碘离子{\bf{取代}}卤化烃得-Br和-Cl} \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 2) % Row 17 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{由CO与H\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{}反应} \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 1) % Row 18 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{葡萄糖发酵} \tn % Row Count 22 (+ 1) % Row 19 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{烯烃的{\bf{加成反应}}} \tn % Row Count 23 (+ 1) % Row 20 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{从格氏试剂制备} \tn % Row Count 24 (+ 1) % Row 21 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{卤代烃的水解反应} \tn % Row Count 25 (+ 1) % Row 22 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{烯烃的氧化} \tn % Row Count 26 (+ 1) % Row 23 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{醛、酮的还原} \tn % Row Count 27 (+ 1) % Row 24 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{醇的氧化} \tn % Row Count 28 (+ 1) % Row 25 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}||} \tn % Row Count 29 (+ 1) % Row 26 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}||} \tn % Row Count 30 (+ 1) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{各个有机物的制取 (cont)}} \tn % Row 27 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{酰氯的还原} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 28 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{格氏试剂与腈的反应\{\{nl\}\}分两步反应} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 29 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{醇的氧化} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 30 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{腈的酸性水解} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 31 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{腈的碱性水解,再酸化\{\{nl\}\}分两步反应} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 2) % Row 32 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{醛、酮的氧化} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 33 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\seqsplit{格氏试剂与二氧化碳反应}} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) % Row 34 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{工业制取甲酸钠} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) % Row 35 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\seqsplit{工业上通过甲酸钠的酸化制取}} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 1) % Row 36 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{羧酸和醇产生酯化反应\{\{nl\}\}为可逆反应} \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 2) % Row 37 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{酰卤和醇反应\{\{nl\}\}为可逆反应} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 1) % Row 38 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{酸酐和醇反应\{\{nl\}\}为可逆反应} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 1) % Row 39 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{酰卤和酚类反应\{\{nl\}\}为可逆反应} \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 1) % Row 40 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{酸酐和酚类反应 \{\{nl\}\}为可逆反应} \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 1) % Row 41 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{卤代烷与CN\textasciicircum{}-\textasciicircum{}反应生成腈} \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 1) % Row 42 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{苯的酰基化反应} \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 1) % Row 43 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\seqsplit{芳香烃的羟基侧链氧化}} \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 1) % Row 44 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{苯环的生成} \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 1) % Row 45 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{苯的烷基化反应} \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 1) % Row 46 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{氯苯的碱性水解,再酸化\{\{nl\}\}分两步反应} \tn % Row Count 23 (+ 2) % Row 47 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{异丙苯的氧化反应\{\{nl\}\}分两步反应} \tn % Row Count 24 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{N/A: Non Available 没有 \newline Unk: Unknown 未知 \newline A/Unk: Available but Unknown \seqsplit{有,但未知(确切物质)}} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{3.33459 cm} x{1.64241 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{有机物类别}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 烷烃 & C\textasciitilde{}n\textasciitilde{}H\textasciitilde{}2n+2\textasciitilde{} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} 烯烃/环烷烃 & C\textasciitilde{}n\textasciitilde{}H\textasciitilde{}2n\textasciitilde{} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{炔烃/二烯烃/环烯烃} & C\textasciitilde{}n\textasciitilde{}H\textasciitilde{}2n-2\textasciitilde{} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} 苯与苯的同系物 & C\textasciitilde{}n\textasciitilde{}H\textasciitilde{}2n-6\textasciitilde{} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 卤代烃 & C\textasciitilde{}n\textasciitilde{}H\textasciitilde{}2n+1\textasciitilde{}X \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} 醇/醚 & C\textasciitilde{}n\textasciitilde{}H\textasciitilde{}2n+2\textasciitilde{}O \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 醛/酮 & C\textasciitilde{}n\textasciitilde{}H\textasciitilde{}2n\textasciitilde{}O \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} 酸/脂 & C\textasciitilde{}n\textasciitilde{}H\textasciitilde{}2n\textasciitilde{}O\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{辨认同系物}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{组成元素相同} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{官能团种类相同} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{官能团数量相同} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\seqsplit{化学性质相同,即制取方式相同}} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{相差≥1个CH\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{}} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.46464 cm} x{1.55618 cm} x{1.55618 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{异构体类型}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{异构体类型}} & {\bf{定义}} & {\bf{例子}} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{碳链异构体} & \seqsplit{碳链结构不同引起的同分异构体} & {\bf{丁烯}}与{\bf{2-甲基丙烯}}\{\{nl\}\}二者皆为C\textasciitilde{}4\textasciitilde{}H\textasciitilde{}8\textasciitilde{} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 5) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{位置异构体} & \seqsplit{官能团位置不同造成的同分异构体} & {\bf{1-丁烯}}与{\bf{2-丁烯}} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 4) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{官能团异构体} & \seqsplit{有机物官能团所引起的同分异构体} & {\bf{丁烷}}与{\bf{环丁烷}} \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 4) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 正反异构体/\{\{nl\}\}位置异构体 & \seqsplit{双键两端碳原子所接的分子不同造成的同分异构体} & 如图 \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 6) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{扎伊采夫规则}}}} \tn \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/walkask_1724563829_image_2024-08-25_133022497.png}}} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\seqsplit{卤代烃或醇进行消去反应时,主要产物是双键上烃基(-R)较多的碳}} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{3.23505 cm} x{1.74195 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{\seqsplit{有机物次序(由上至下,由大到小)}}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 羧基 & -COOH \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} 磺基 & -SO\textasciitilde{}3\textasciitilde{}H \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 酯基 & -COOR \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} 酰卤 & -COX \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 酰胺 & -CONH\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} 腈基 & -CN \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 醛基 & -CHO \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} 酮基 & -O=C- \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 醇基 & -OH \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} 氨基 & -NH\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 1) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 烯烃 & -C=C- \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 1) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} 炔烃 & -C≡C- \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 1) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 醚基 & -OR \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 1) % Row 13 \SetRowColor{white} 氟\textgreater{}氯\textgreater{}溴\textgreater{}碘 & -X \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 1) % Row 14 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 硝基 & -NO\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{} \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{正反异构体}} \tn \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/walkask_1718009005_image_2024-06-10_174312311.png}}} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.94103 cm} x{3.03597 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{常见的三种还原剂}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 还原剂 & 可还原官能团 \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} H\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{},Ni(催化加氢) & (醛基,酮基)的羰基,碳碳双键,碳碳三键,-NO\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{},-CN \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 4) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} LiAlH\textasciitilde{}4\textasciitilde{}(强还原剂) & (醛基,酮基,羧基,酯基)的羰基,-NO\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{},-CN \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 3) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} NaBH\textasciitilde{}4\textasciitilde{}(弱还原剂) & \seqsplit{(醛基,酮基)的羰基} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{羰基:C=O键} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{\seqsplit{马尔科夫尼科夫规则}}} \tn \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/walkask_1726014288_IMG_0086.jpeg}}} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\seqsplit{当双键两边不对称的烯烃(C=C)与} 卤化氢(H-X) 或 \seqsplit{水(H-OH)起加成反应时,π键断裂,H加到含氢较多的碳原子上}} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{官能团命名}} \tn \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1. \seqsplit{若只有一种官能团:以它为母体,从靠近它的一端开始编号码,其余取代基为支链。} \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3) 2. \seqsplit{⁠若有两种官能团:比较先后次序,位次高的为母体,位次低的为取代基。} \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 3) \seqsplit{若剩余的取代基也是官能团,再继续比较先后次序,位次高的官能团写在后面(靠近母体)、位次低的写在前面。} \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 4) 3. R烃基 {\emph{不是官能团}},比较取代基们的位次时,才需要考量R烃基。 \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 2) 名字的结构顺序: \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 1) 位次最低的取代基 \seqsplit{➡️位次低的取代基➡️位次高的取代基➡️位次最高的官能团(母体)}% Row Count 16 (+ 3) } \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{3.03597 cm} x{1.94103 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{格氏反应总表}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{与格氏试剂反应的试剂}} & {\bf{生成的有机物}} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} H\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{}O & 烷烃 \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} HCHO(甲醛) & 一级醇 \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} RCHO(其余醛类) & 二级醇 \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} RCOR(酮类) & 三级醇 \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} CO\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{} & 羧酸 \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{酮的氧化}} \tn \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/walkask_1726012356_PNG图像.png}}} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\seqsplit{低级羧酸:无明确定义,泛指碳原子数较少的羧酸} \newline 由羰基所连的两边断键 \newline **若一边只有一甲基,则氧化为二氧化碳和水} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} % That's all folks \end{multicols*} \end{document}