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\author{Conc. (Walkask)}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (organic-chem.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (Conc. (Walkask))
  /Subject (Organic Chem Cheat Sheet)
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\noindent
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    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Organic Chem Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Conc. (Walkask)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/167118/cs/43605/}}}
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\noindent
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}Conc. (Walkask) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/walkask} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 9th June, 2024.\\
   Updated 6th November, 2024.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\raggedright
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.66832 cm} x{1.42018 cm} x{1.42018 cm} p{0.66832 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{烷烃}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{反应类型}} & {\bf{通式/反应机理}} & {\bf{例子}} & {\bf{产物}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{燃烧} & C\textasciitilde{}x\textasciitilde{}H\textasciitilde{}y\textasciitilde{} + (X+$\frac{1}{4}$Y)O\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{} -\textasciicircum{}点燃\textasciicircum{}-\textgreater{}X CO\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{} +($\frac{1}{2}$Y)H\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{}O & CH\textasciitilde{}4\textasciitilde{} +2O\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{} -\textasciicircum{}点燃\textasciicircum{}-\textgreater{} CO\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{} +2H\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{}O & \seqsplit{二氧化碳，水} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 5)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{取代（卤化）} & 链引发：\{\{nl\}\}Cl\textasciicircum{}·\textasciicircum{}-Cl\textasciicircum{}·\textasciicircum{}-\textasciicircum{}光照\textasciicircum{}-\textgreater{}Cl\textasciitilde{}·\textasciitilde{}+Cl\textasciitilde{}·\textasciitilde{} （离子）\{\{nl\}\} 链传递：\{\{nl\}\}Cl\textasciitilde{}·\textasciitilde{}+CH\textasciitilde{}4\textasciitilde{}-\textgreater{}HCl + H\textasciitilde{}3\textasciitilde{}C\textasciicircum{}·\textasciicircum{} \{\{nl\}\}H\textasciitilde{}3\textasciitilde{}C\textasciicircum{}·\textasciicircum{} + Cl\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{}-\textgreater{}CH\textasciitilde{}3\textasciitilde{}Cl+Cl\textasciitilde{}·\textasciitilde{}\{\{nl\}\}链终止：\{\{nl\}\} Cl\textasciicircum{}·\textasciicircum{} + Cl\textasciitilde{}·\textasciitilde{}-\textgreater{}Cl\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{}\{\{nl\}\}Cl\textasciitilde{}·\textasciitilde{}+CH\textasciitilde{}3\textasciitilde{}\textasciicircum{}·\textasciicircum{}-\textgreater{}CH\textasciitilde{}3\textasciitilde{}Cl\{\{nl\}\}H\textasciitilde{}3\textasciitilde{}C\textasciitilde{}·\textasciitilde{}+ CH\textasciitilde{}3\textasciitilde{}\textasciicircum{}·\textasciicircum{}-\textgreater{}C\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{}H\textasciitilde{}6\textasciitilde{} & CH\textasciitilde{}4\textasciitilde{} + Cl\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{} -\textasciicircum{}光照\textasciicircum{}-\textgreater{} CH\textasciitilde{}3\textasciitilde{}Cl + HCl \{\{nl\}\}CH\textasciitilde{}3\textasciitilde{}Cl + Cl\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{} -\textasciicircum{}光照\textasciicircum{}-\textgreater{} CH\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{}Cl\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{} + HCl \{\{nl\}\}CH\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{}Cl\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{} + Cl\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{} -光照-\textgreater{} CHCl\textasciitilde{}3\textasciitilde{} + HCl \{\{nl\}\} CHCl\textasciitilde{}3\textasciitilde{} + Cl\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{} -光照-\textgreater{} CCl + HCl & \seqsplit{卤代烃} \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 22)
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% Row 3
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\seqsplit{受热分解} & CH\textasciitilde{}4\textasciitilde{}-\textasciicircum{}加热1000°C\textasciicircum{}-\textgreater{}C+H\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{} & C\textasciitilde{}16\textasciitilde{}H\textasciitilde{}34\textasciitilde{}-\textasciicircum{}Δ\textasciicircum{}-\textgreater{}C\textasciitilde{}4\textasciitilde{}H\textasciitilde{}10\textasciitilde{} + C\textasciitilde{}4\textasciitilde{}H\textasciitilde{}8\textasciitilde{} & \seqsplit{烷烃，烯烃} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
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{\bf{反应类型}} & {\bf{特性}} & {\bf{例子}} & {\bf{产物}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
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取代 & 在{\bf{光照或加热条件下}}进行{\bf{卤代反应}}，可生成{\bf{卤代烷}} & Δ+Cl\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{} -\textasciicircum{}光照\textasciicircum{}-\textgreater{}Δ\_Cl + HCl & 卤代烷 \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 8)
% Row 2
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开环{\bf{(催化加氢)}} & {\bf{环破裂与试剂结合}} & Δ+H\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{} -\textasciicircum{}Ni\textasciicircum{}-\textgreater{} C\textasciitilde{}3\textasciitilde{}H\textasciitilde{}8\textasciitilde{} & 烷烃 \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 4)
% Row 3
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开环{\bf{(加H\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{} 或 HX)}} & {\bf{环大小不同，开环难易度也不同}} & Δ+Br\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{} -\textgreater{} BrCH\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{}CH\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{}CH\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{}Br & \seqsplit{视反应物决定，反应物断键接在环烷烃两端} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 6)
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% Row 1
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% Row 2
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% Row 3
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% Row 7
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% Row 8
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% Row Count 3 (+ 0)
% Row 9
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% Row 10
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% Row 0
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% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
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% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 0)
% Row 3
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% Row Count 2 (+ 0)
% Row 4
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 0)
% Row 5
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 0)
% Row 6
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{燃烧} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\seqsplit{末段炔的金属取代反应}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 8
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 0)
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% Row 0
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% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{水解反应} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{与氰化物反应} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{与氨气反应} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
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% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
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% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
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% Row Count 6 (+ 0)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{醇}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{反应类型}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{醇与金属反应\{\{nl\}\}{\bf{（置换反应）}}\{\{nl\}\}断O-H键} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{醇与羧酸反应\{\{nl\}\}{\bf{（酯化反应）}}\{\{nl\}\}断O-H键} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{醇与HX反应\{\{nl\}\}{\bf{（取代反应）}}\{\{nl\}\}断C-OH键} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{醇与卤化磷反应\{\{nl\}\}{\bf{（取代反应）}}\{\{nl\}\}断C-OH键} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{分子内脱水反应\{\{nl\}\}{\bf{（消去反应）}}\{\{nl\}\}醇-\textgreater{}烯烃} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{分子间脱水反应\{\{nl\}\}{\bf{（消去反应）}}\{\{nl\}\}醇-\textgreater{}醚} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{α碳必须拥有至少一个H原子\{\{nl\}\}一级醇与高锰酸钾反应{\bf{（氧化还原反应）}}} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{α碳必须拥有至少一个H原子\{\{nl\}\}二级醇与高锰酸钾反应{\bf{（氧化还原反应）}}} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{α碳必须拥有至少一个H原子\{\{nl\}\}一级醇与灼热的铜丝（300°C）反应{\bf{（氧化还原反应）}}} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{醛}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{反应类型}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{与HCN反应\{\{nl\}\}{\bf{加成反应}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{与R-OH反应\{\{nl\}\}{\bf{加成反应}}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{与R-MgX{\bf{格氏试剂}}反应} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{与R-MgX{\bf{格氏试剂}}反应} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{氧化反应} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{氧化反应} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 7
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{还原反应} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 8
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{克里孟生反应\{\{nl\}\}{\bf{还原反应}}} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{坎尼查罗反应\{\{nl\}\}{\bf{分子间氧化还原反应}}} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{碘仿反应} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{缩合反应} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{酮}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{反应类型}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{与HCN反应\{\{nl\}\}{\bf{加成反应}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{与R-OH反应\{\{nl\}\}{\bf{加成反应}}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{与R-MgX\{\{nl\}\}{\bf{格氏试剂}}反应} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{氧化反应} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{还原反应} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{碘仿反应} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{缩合反应} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{羧酸}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{反应类型}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{鉴定酸性性质} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 0)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 0)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 0)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{生成羧酸衍生物} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 0)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 0)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 0)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{还原反应} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{甲酸与乙二酸}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{化学性质}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{甲酸与乙二酸}}只能与浓硫酸脱水} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{氧化反应} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{甲酸}}可与**托伦试剂反应} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{甲酸}}可与**斐林试剂反应} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{甲酸}}高温分解} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{甲酸}}可与PCl\textasciitilde{}3\textasciitilde{}、PCl\textasciitilde{}5\textasciitilde{}反应} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\seqsplit{甲酸同时含有两个官能团，分别为醛基与羟基}}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{酯类}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{反应类型}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{酸性}}水解反应} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{碱性}}水解反应} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{还原反应} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{腈类}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{反应类型}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{酸性条件水解} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{碱性条件水解} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{催化加氢} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.58478 cm} p{0.58478 cm} x{1.50372 cm} x{1.50372 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{苯环的取代反应}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{反应种类}} & {\bf{反应试剂}} & {\bf{催化剂与温度}} & {\bf{产物}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{卤化} & Cl\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{}、Br\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{} & AlX\textasciitilde{}3\textasciitilde{} 或FeX\textasciitilde{}3\textasciitilde{} & {\bf{氯苯与HCl}}或{\bf{溴苯与HBr}}\{\{nl\}\}一般会产生{\bf{少量}}的{\bf{二卤代苯}}，且主要为{\bf{邻二卤苯}}和{\bf{对二卤苯}} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 10)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{硝化} & \seqsplit{浓硝酸} & \seqsplit{浓硫酸60°C} & 硝基苯与水\{\{nl\}\}硝基苯的物理性质：微黄色油状液体 \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 5)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 &  & 浓硫酸100°C\{\{nl\}\}（引入第二个硝基） & 间二甲苯 \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 4)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{磺化} & \seqsplit{浓硫酸} & 80°C & \seqsplit{苯磺酸与水} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
 &  & 200°C\{\{nl\}\}（引入第二个磺酸基） & \seqsplit{间苯二磺酸} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{烷基化} & \seqsplit{卤代烷} & AlX\textasciitilde{}3\textasciitilde{} & 反应中，苯的{\bf{H原子被烷基（-CH\textasciitilde{}3\textasciitilde{}、-C\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{}H\textasciitilde{}5\textasciitilde{})取代}} \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 5)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.58478 cm} p{0.58478 cm} x{1.50372 cm} x{1.50372 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{苯环的取代反应 (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{酰基化} & \seqsplit{酰卤、酸酐} & AlX\textasciitilde{}3\textasciitilde{} & 反应中，苯与{\bf{酰卤、酸酐}}反应生成{\bf{酮}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.62655 cm} p{0.58478 cm} x{1.62903 cm} x{1.33664 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{苯}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{反应类型}} & {\bf{试剂}} & {\bf{条件}} & {\bf{产物}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{取代反应} & \seqsplit{参考上一则} & - &  \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{加成反应} & 加H\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{} & 在{\bf{Pt、Pa、Ni}}的催化下进行氢化反应 & \seqsplit{生成环己烷} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & 加X\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{} & 在{\bf{光照}}下，氯气通入沸腾的苯进行氯化反应 & 生成1,2,3,4,5,6-六氯环己烷 \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 5)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{燃烧反应} & \seqsplit{氧气} & 点燃 & \seqsplit{水和二氧化碳} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.04057 cm} x{2.93643 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{苯环进行取代基}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{苯环的活化基}} & -NH\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{}、-OH、-OR、-R、-C\textasciitilde{}6\textasciitilde{}H\textasciitilde{}5\textasciitilde{}、-X \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{苯环的活化基效果}} & 当苯环存在活化基时，则第二个取代基主要进入{\bf{邻位}}和{\bf{对位}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{苯环的钝化基}} & -NO\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{}、-CN、-COOH、SO\textasciitilde{}3\textasciitilde{}H、COOR、-CO、COCl、CONH\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{苯环的钝化基效果}} & 当苯环存在钝化基时，则第二个取代基主要进入{\bf{间位}} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{甲苯}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{烷基苯化学反应}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{甲苯} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{甲苯} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{甲苯} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{甲苯} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{甲苯} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{加成反应}}\{\{nl\}\}甲苯} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{苯环侧链反应}}\{\{nl\}\}甲苯} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 0)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 0)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{苯酚}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{反应类型}} & {\bf{反应试剂}} & {\bf{特性/现象}} & {\bf{例子}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{置换反应（证明苯酚具有酸的性质）} & \seqsplit{与活泼金属（K、Ca、Na、Mg、Al）} & \seqsplit{生成氢气} & 2C\textasciitilde{}6\textasciitilde{}H\textasciitilde{}5\textasciitilde{}OH+2Na-\textgreater{}2C\textasciitilde{}6\textasciitilde{}H\textasciitilde{}5\textasciitilde{}ONa+H\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 5)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{中和反应（证明苯酚具有酸的性质）} & \seqsplit{与强碱溶液（NaOH溶液、KOH溶液）} & \seqsplit{生成水和盐} & C\textasciitilde{}6\textasciitilde{}H\textasciitilde{}5\textasciitilde{}OH+NaOH-\textgreater{}C\textasciitilde{}6\textasciitilde{}H\textasciitilde{}5\textasciitilde{}ONa+H\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{}O \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 5)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{取代反应（卤化）} & X\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{} & 反应后生成物会接在邻位和对位\{\{nl\}\}生成2,4,6-三溴苯酚（白色沉淀）与酸性白雾 & C\textasciitilde{}6\textasciitilde{}H\textasciitilde{}5\textasciitilde{}OH+3Br\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{}-\textasciicircum{}H\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{}O\textasciicircum{}-\textgreater{}2,4,6-三溴苯酚 + 3HBr \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 11)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{取代反应（磺化）} & 浓H\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{}SO\textasciitilde{}4\textasciitilde{}\{\{nl\}\}25 °C & 反应后生成物会接在邻位和对位\{\{nl\}\}加热后会转化为4-羟基苯磺酸 & C\textasciitilde{}6\textasciitilde{}H\textasciitilde{}5\textasciitilde{}OH+H\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{}SO\textasciitilde{}4\textasciitilde{}（浓）-\textasciicircum{}25 °C\textasciicircum{}-\textgreater{}2-羟基苯磺酸+H\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{}O \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 9)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{苯酚 (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{取代反应（磺化）} & 浓H\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{}SO\textasciitilde{}4\textasciitilde{}\{\{nl\}\}100 °C & 反应后生成物会接在邻位和对位\{\{nl\}\} & C\textasciitilde{}6\textasciitilde{}H\textasciitilde{}5\textasciitilde{}OH+H\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{}SO\textasciitilde{}4\textasciitilde{}（稀）-\textasciicircum{}100 °C\textasciicircum{}-\textgreater{}4-羟基苯磺酸+H\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{}O \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{取代反应（硝化）} & 稀HNO\textasciitilde{}3\textasciitilde{} & 反应后生成物会接在邻位和对位\{\{nl\}\}制取{\bf{2-硝基苯酚}}和{\bf{4-硝基苯酚}} & C\textasciitilde{}6\textasciitilde{}H\textasciitilde{}5\textasciitilde{}OH+HNO\textasciitilde{}3\textasciitilde{}（稀）-\textgreater{}2-硝基苯酚+H\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{}O \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 10)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{取代反应（硝化）} & 浓HNO\textasciitilde{}3\textasciitilde{} & 反应后生成物会接在邻位和对位\{\{nl\}\}制得{\bf{2,4,6-三硝基苯酚}} & C\textasciitilde{}6\textasciitilde{}H\textasciitilde{}5\textasciitilde{}OH+3HNO\textasciitilde{}3\textasciitilde{}(浓)-\textgreater{}2,4,6-三硝基苯酚 \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 9)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{取代反应（氢化）} & H\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{} & \seqsplit{反应后生成环己醇} & C\textasciitilde{}6\textasciitilde{}H\textasciitilde{}5\textasciitilde{}OH+3H\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{}-\textasciicircum{}Ni，Δ\textasciicircum{}-\textgreater{}环己醇 \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{各个有机物的制取}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{制取名称}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{热裂化} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{热裂解} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{催化裂化} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{石油裂化} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{醇脱水法} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{卤代烃脱卤化氢法} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{碳化钙与水反应} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{热裂解} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{卤代物的消去反应} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{烷烃与X\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{}发生自由基连取代反应} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{醇分子的羟基被卤原子取代制得\{\{nl\}\}取代反应} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}||} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}||} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{不饱和烃与卤素和卤化氢的反应\{\{nl\}\}加成反应} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}||} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 1)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{在丙酮溶液中，常用碘离子{\bf{取代}}卤化烃得-Br和-Cl} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{由CO与H\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{}反应} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 1)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{葡萄糖发酵} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 1)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{烯烃的{\bf{加成反应}}} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 1)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{从格氏试剂制备} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 1)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{卤代烃的水解反应} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 1)
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{烯烃的氧化} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 1)
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{醛、酮的还原} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 1)
% Row 24
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{醇的氧化} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 1)
% Row 25
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}||} \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 1)
% Row 26
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}||} \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 1)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{各个有机物的制取 (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 27
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{酰氯的还原} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 28
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{格氏试剂与腈的反应\{\{nl\}\}分两步反应} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 29
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{醇的氧化} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 30
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{腈的酸性水解} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 31
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{腈的碱性水解，再酸化\{\{nl\}\}分两步反应} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 32
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{醛、酮的氧化} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 33
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\seqsplit{格氏试剂与二氧化碳反应}} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 34
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{工业制取甲酸钠} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 35
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\seqsplit{工业上通过甲酸钠的酸化制取}} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 36
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{羧酸和醇产生酯化反应\{\{nl\}\}为可逆反应} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 37
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{酰卤和醇反应\{\{nl\}\}为可逆反应} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 38
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{酸酐和醇反应\{\{nl\}\}为可逆反应} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 39
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{酰卤和酚类反应\{\{nl\}\}为可逆反应} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 40
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{酸酐和酚类反应 \{\{nl\}\}为可逆反应} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
% Row 41
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{卤代烷与CN\textasciicircum{}-\textasciicircum{}反应生成腈} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
% Row 42
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{苯的酰基化反应} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 1)
% Row 43
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\seqsplit{芳香烃的羟基侧链氧化}} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 1)
% Row 44
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{苯环的生成} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 1)
% Row 45
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{苯的烷基化反应} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 1)
% Row 46
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{氯苯的碱性水解，再酸化\{\{nl\}\}分两步反应} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 2)
% Row 47
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{异丙苯的氧化反应\{\{nl\}\}分两步反应} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{N/A: Non Available 没有 \newline Unk: Unknown 未知 \newline A/Unk: Available but Unknown \seqsplit{有，但未知（确切物质）}}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{3.33459 cm} x{1.64241 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{有机物类别}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
烷烃 & C\textasciitilde{}n\textasciitilde{}H\textasciitilde{}2n+2\textasciitilde{} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
烯烃/环烷烃 & C\textasciitilde{}n\textasciitilde{}H\textasciitilde{}2n\textasciitilde{} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{炔烃/二烯烃/环烯烃} & C\textasciitilde{}n\textasciitilde{}H\textasciitilde{}2n-2\textasciitilde{} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
苯与苯的同系物 & C\textasciitilde{}n\textasciitilde{}H\textasciitilde{}2n-6\textasciitilde{} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
卤代烃 & C\textasciitilde{}n\textasciitilde{}H\textasciitilde{}2n+1\textasciitilde{}X \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
醇/醚 & C\textasciitilde{}n\textasciitilde{}H\textasciitilde{}2n+2\textasciitilde{}O \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
醛/酮 & C\textasciitilde{}n\textasciitilde{}H\textasciitilde{}2n\textasciitilde{}O \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
酸/脂 & C\textasciitilde{}n\textasciitilde{}H\textasciitilde{}2n\textasciitilde{}O\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{辨认同系物}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{组成元素相同} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{官能团种类相同} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{官能团数量相同} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\seqsplit{化学性质相同，即制取方式相同}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{相差≥1个CH\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.46464 cm} x{1.55618 cm} x{1.55618 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{异构体类型}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{异构体类型}} & {\bf{定义}} & {\bf{例子}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{碳链异构体} & \seqsplit{碳链结构不同引起的同分异构体} & {\bf{丁烯}}与{\bf{2-甲基丙烯}}\{\{nl\}\}二者皆为C\textasciitilde{}4\textasciitilde{}H\textasciitilde{}8\textasciitilde{} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 5)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{位置异构体} & \seqsplit{官能团位置不同造成的同分异构体} & {\bf{1-丁烯}}与{\bf{2-丁烯}} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{官能团异构体} & \seqsplit{有机物官能团所引起的同分异构体} & {\bf{丁烷}}与{\bf{环丁烷}} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 4)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
正反异构体/\{\{nl\}\}位置异构体 & \seqsplit{双键两端碳原子所接的分子不同造成的同分异构体} & 如图 \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 6)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{酮的氧化}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/walkask_1726012356_PNG图像.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\seqsplit{低级羧酸：无明确定义，泛指碳原子数较少的羧酸} \newline 由羰基所连的两边断键 \newline **若一边只有一甲基，则氧化为二氧化碳和水}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{0.86963 cm} x{1.87657 cm} x{1.8308 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{\seqsplit{有机物和无机物的比较}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
性质 & 有机物 & 无机物 \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{化合物类型} & 共价化合物 & \seqsplit{共价、离子化合物} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
元素 & \seqsplit{碳，氢，氧，氮，硫，磷，卤素} & 118种元素 \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
结构 & 含共价键 & \seqsplit{含有离子键，共价键} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{溶解性} & 难溶于水\{\{nl\}\}易溶于有机溶剂 & 易溶于水\{\{nl\}\}难溶于有机溶剂 \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{耐热性} & \seqsplit{熔点低，不耐焚} & \seqsplit{熔点高，耐热} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{可燃性} & 可燃 & 不可燃 \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{电离性} & 非电解质 & 电解质 \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{挥发性} & 易挥发 & 难挥发 \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{化学反应类型} & 较复杂\{\{nl\}\}反应速率慢 & 较简单\{\{nl\}\}反应速率快 \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{3.23505 cm} x{1.74195 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{\seqsplit{有机物次序（由上至下，由大到小）}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
羧基 & -COOH \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
磺基 & -SO\textasciitilde{}3\textasciitilde{}H \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
酯基 & -COOR \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
酰卤 & -COX \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
酰胺 & -CONH\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
腈基 & -CN \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
醛基 & -CHO \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
酮基 & -O=C- \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
醇基 & -OH \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
氨基 & -NH\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
烯烃 & -C=C- \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
炔烃 & -C≡C- \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
醚基 & -OR \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
氟\textgreater{}氯\textgreater{}溴\textgreater{}碘 & -X \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
硝基 & -NO\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{口诀： \newline 索黄纸，献鹿献鞍，清泉同处男稀缺，弥、福、禄、寿笑 \newline 羧磺酯，酰卤酰胺，腈醛酮醇胺烯炔，醚、氟、氯、溴硝}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{正反异构体}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/walkask_1718009005_image_2024-06-10_174312311.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.94103 cm} x{3.03597 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{常见的三种还原剂}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
还原剂 & 可还原官能团 \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
H\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{},Ni（催化加氢） & （醛基，酮基）的羰基，碳碳双键，碳碳三键，-NO\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{},-CN \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
LiAlH\textasciitilde{}4\textasciitilde{}（强还原剂） & （醛基，酮基，羧基，酯基）的羰基，-NO\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{},-CN \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
NaBH\textasciitilde{}4\textasciitilde{}（弱还原剂） & \seqsplit{（醛基，酮基）的羰基} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{羰基：C=O键}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{杂化轨域}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{杂化轨域} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{sp} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{sp\textasciicircum{}2\textasciicircum{}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{sp\textasciicircum{}3\textasciicircum{}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{同系物的五大要素}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{组成元素相同} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{官能团种类相同} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{官能同数量相同} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\seqsplit{化学性质相似（制取方式相同）}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{相差一个或多一个CH\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{有机物熔沸点规律}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{一般规律}} & \seqsplit{烃、卤代烃、醇、醛、酮、羧酸、酯等有机物的熔、沸点一般随着相对分子质量的增加而增大} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{同分异构体规律}} & \seqsplit{支链越多，分子间接触越困难，作用力越小，熔、沸点越低} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{各烃沸点规律}} & 链炔烃\textgreater{}链烷烃\textgreater{}链烯烃 \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{（烷烃、烯烃、炔烃、环烃、芳香烃）} & 环烃\textgreater{}链烃 \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & 顺异构体\textgreater{}反异构体 \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{各烃熔点规律}} & 环烃\textgreater{}链烃 \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{芳香烃沸点规律}} & 邻\textgreater{}间\textgreater{}对 \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{芳香烃熔点规律}} & 邻\textgreater{}间\textgreater{}对 \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{相对分子质量接近的有机物}} & \seqsplit{分子中含有极性基团越多，分子间作用力越大，熔沸点越大} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 4)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{卤代烷的沸点规律}} & 卤代烷\textgreater{}链烷烃 \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 2)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{有机物熔沸点规律 (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & \seqsplit{卤代烷随份子质量的增加而变大} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
 & 卤代烷含有相同的R基时，碘\textgreater{}溴\textgreater{}氟 \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & 同种卤代烷的同分异构体中，1°\textgreater{}2°\textgreater{}3° \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{氢键}} & 含氢键的有机物沸点\textgreater{}没有氢键的有机物沸点 \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & 小分子的羧酸能借由氢键形成{\bf{双分子缔合物}}，因此其沸点相对分子量相近的醇更高 \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 6)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{扎伊采夫规则}}}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/walkask_1724563829_image_2024-08-25_133022497.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\seqsplit{卤代烃或醇进行消去反应时，主要产物是双键上烃基（-R)较多的碳}}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{\seqsplit{马尔科夫尼科夫规则}}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/walkask_1726014288_IMG_0086.jpeg}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\seqsplit{当双键两边不对称的烯烃（C=C）与} 卤化氢（H-X) 或 \seqsplit{水（H-OH）起加成反应时，π键断裂，H加到含氢较多的碳原子上}}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{官能团命名}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1. \seqsplit{若只有一种官能团：以它为母体，从靠近它的一端开始编号码，其余取代基为支链。} \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3)
2. \seqsplit{⁠若有两种官能团：比较先后次序，位次高的为母体，位次低的为取代基。} \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 3)
\seqsplit{若剩余的取代基也是官能团，再继续比较先后次序，位次高的官能团写在后面（靠近母体）、位次低的写在前面。} \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 4)
3. R烃基 {\emph{不是官能团}}，比较取代基们的位次时，才需要考量R烃基。 \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 2)
名字的结构顺序： \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 1)
位次最低的取代基 \seqsplit{➡️位次低的取代基➡️位次高的取代基➡️位次最高的官能团（母体）}% Row Count 16 (+ 3)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{3.03597 cm} x{1.94103 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{格氏反应总表}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{与格氏试剂反应的试剂}} & {\bf{生成的有机物}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
H\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{}O & 烷烃 \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
HCHO（甲醛） & 一级醇 \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
RCHO（其余醛类） & 二级醇 \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
RCOR（酮类） & 三级醇 \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
CO\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{} & 羧酸 \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{基团记忆法}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/walkask_1729339505_IMG_0285.jpeg}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{各烃化学性质比较}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{性质} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{通式} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{结构特点} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{例子} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{键角} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{空间构型} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{物理性质} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{是否发生取代反应} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{是否发生加成反应} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{是否发生聚合反应} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{是否能使液溴褪色} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{是否能使溴水褪色} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{是否能使KMnO\textasciitilde{}4\textasciitilde{}溶液褪色} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{燃烧现象} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}