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  /Subject (Principles of Ecology BIO213 Cheat Sheet)
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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Principles of Ecology BIO213 Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Varda} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/165279/cs/34970/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}Varda \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 24th October, 2023.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{What is Ecology?}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What is Ecology  \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
- The study of our house and the individuals within  \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 2)
Abiotic - Atmosphere \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
Biotic - Primary producers, Secondary producers, Decomposers  \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
Open systems - Earth can be affected by outside objects  \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 2)
Closed systems - Universe  \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
Disciplines of Ecology  \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 1)
- Individual  \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 1)
-Population \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 1)
-Community  \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 1)
-Ecosystem  \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 1)
-Landscape  \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 1)
- Biosphere \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 1)
-Universe% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Biomes and State Factors}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Climatograms - average temp season graph \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
Temp/precipitation and highlighted growing season \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
Nine Terrrestisl Biomes  \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
1. Tundra  \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
- coldest biome, permafrost and stunted \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
-mountains, harsh wind, very short growing season  \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 2)
2. Boreal Forest (Taiga) \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1)
- Densely populated by coniferous trees  \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
- not below the Equator  \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 1)
-Harsh winter, short growing  \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 1)
3. Temperate Rainforest  \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 1)
-mild temperature  \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 1)
-lots of rain \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 1)
-evergreen forest (Giants)  \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 1)
4. Temperate Seasonal Forest  \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 1)
- moderate temperature and precipitation  \newline % Row Count 17 (+ 1)
- deciduous trees (oak, maple etc.) \newline % Row Count 18 (+ 1)
- low continentality \newline % Row Count 19 (+ 1)
5. Woodland/ shrubland (chaparral) \newline % Row Count 20 (+ 1)
-hot dry/mild wet \newline % Row Count 21 (+ 1)
-grasses and shrubs  \newline % Row Count 22 (+ 1)
6. Temperate Grassland \newline % Row Count 23 (+ 1)
- hot dry/very cold \newline % Row Count 24 (+ 1)
- grasses, flowers and shrubs \newline % Row Count 25 (+ 1)
7. Tropical Rainforests \newline % Row Count 26 (+ 1)
- Warm very humid \newline % Row Count 27 (+ 1)
- long growing  \newline % Row Count 28 (+ 1)
8.Tropical Seasonal Forest  \newline % Row Count 29 (+ 1)
- wet/dry seasons \newline % Row Count 30 (+ 1)
} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Biomes and State Factors (cont)}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{-deciduous trees  \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
9. Subtropical desert \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
-hot temp, scarce rain  \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
-long growing season% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Five State Factors}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1. Climate \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
2. Topography \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
3. Parent Material  \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
4. Potential Biota  \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
5. Time \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
Climate \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
-atmospheric conditions AVERAGED over years \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
-NOT weather \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1)
Topography  \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
- layout of the land -elevation proximity to lakes \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 2)
Parent Material  \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 1)
-underlaying geology of a region  \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 1)
- helps determine foil formation + nutrient availability  \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 2)
Potential Biota  \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 1)
- ecosystems hostages to evolution  \newline % Row Count 17 (+ 1)
Time \newline % Row Count 18 (+ 1)
-Deep time - continental drift, meteor impacts \newline % Row Count 19 (+ 1)
-Short term - Time since disterbance (succession)% Row Count 20 (+ 1)
} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Hadley Cell (Tropical air mass) \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
1. Warm air rises, expands and cools  \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
2. Releasing latent energy, warm air rises more  \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
3. air moves poleward due to pressure gradient (subtropics) \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2)
4. cool air sinks and heads back toward tropics with moisture \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 2)
Rain Shadows \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1)
-effect Mountains and oceans have on temperature and precipitation \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 2)
 Elevation has significant effect on temperature  \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 1)
Continentality -  climatic effect that results from a continental interior being insulated from oceanic influences% Row Count 14 (+ 3)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Natural Regions of Alberta}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1. Rocky Mountain \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
- coolest summers, shortest growing season \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
- Greatest elevational range  \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
2. Foothills  \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
- Mid elevation \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
-Bedrock ridges to hills \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
-lots of precipitation  \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
- Forest-dominated  \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1)
3. Boreal Forest  \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
- Four months \textless{} -10 deg C \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 1)
- 2 months of summer \textgreater{} 15C  \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 1)
- extensive coniferous and aspen trees \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 1)
- wetlands and sand dunes \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 1)
 4. Canadian Shield  \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 1)
- exposed granite bedrock  \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 1)
-glacial deposits, small lakes, forests  \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 1)
5. Grassland  \newline % Row Count 17 (+ 1)
-rich topsoil  \newline % Row Count 18 (+ 1)
- flat-rolling prairie \newline % Row Count 19 (+ 1)
-warmest and driest region \newline % Row Count 20 (+ 1)
-trees along riverbanks, uncommon shallow saline lakes  \newline % Row Count 22 (+ 2)
6. Parkland \newline % Row Count 23 (+ 1)
- a mix of grasses and trees  \newline % Row Count 24 (+ 1)
- Edmonton, Red Deer, Calgary% Row Count 25 (+ 1)
} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Adaptation}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Adaptations  \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
- Morphological, physiological or behavioural traits that provide a fit between the organism and the environment  \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 3)
Environment  \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
- Biotic - biological components  \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
- Abiotic - physical components  \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
Fit  \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1)
1. Match - adaptations make sense given the conditions experienced by the organism  \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 2)
2. FITNESS - organisms with adaptations have higher success \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 2)
Fitness  \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 1)
- Measure of the lifetime success \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 1)
-number of offspring  \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 1)
-\# of offspring surviving to adulthood  \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 1)
-\# of offspring having offspring \newline % Row Count 17 (+ 1)
- Survival is not as crucial as \# of offspring  \newline % Row Count 18 (+ 1)
Evolution - Changes to the frequencies of alleles within a population \newline % Row Count 20 (+ 2)
Natural Selection \newline % Row Count 21 (+ 1)
- Selective agent is the biotic or abiotic environment \newline % Row Count 23 (+ 2)
traits are favoured that enhance fitness  \newline % Row Count 24 (+ 1)
1. Variation in phenotype  \newline % Row Count 25 (+ 1)
2. Fitness is non-random in respect to phenotype \newline % Row Count 26 (+ 1)
3. Phenotype is heritable \newline % Row Count 27 (+ 1)
Forms  \newline % Row Count 28 (+ 1)
1. Stabilizing  \newline % Row Count 29 (+ 1)
- Avg phenotype has max fitness  \newline % Row Count 30 (+ 1)
} \tn 
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\vfill
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Adaptation (cont)}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- removes extreme phenotypes  \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
- maintains average  \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
2. Directional  \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
- Operates when one extreme has higher fitness \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
-shifts average in the direction of extreme \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
3. Disruptive  \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
- both extreme have higher fitness  \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
- removes average  \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1)
-two phenotypic groups  \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
Static adaptation  \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 1)
- unchangeable across environments and life stages  \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 2)
Ontogenetic adaptations  \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 1)
-adaptions specific to life stages \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 1)
Plastic  \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 1)
-change as the environment% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Physiological Ecology}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Range of Tolerance \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
Tolerance - degree of performance or fitness \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
Zone of intolerance - death is inevitable  \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
Range of tolerance - full range individual can survive  \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2)
Zone of physiological stress - barely survive  \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
Range of growth - individual can survive and grow  \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 2)
Optimum range - individual can grow and reproduce  \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 2)
Enzymes - range temperature curve \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 1)
INTERNAL BODY HEAT \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 1)
Hs= Hm+-Hcd+-Hcv+-Hr-He \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 1)
Hs - total heat \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 1)
Metabolic heat - chemical reactions  \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 1)
Conduction - heat moves warm-\textgreater{} cold  \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 1)
Convection - movements air or water \newline % Row Count 17 (+ 1)
Radiation - sun or radiated off of something (fire/rock) \newline % Row Count 19 (+ 2)
Evaporative cooling - water  \newline % Row Count 20 (+ 1)
Ectotherms - Hs regulate by external temp  \newline % Row Count 21 (+ 1)
Endotherms - Hs regulated by internal process \newline % Row Count 22 (+ 1)
Poikilotherms - Internal temp varies  \newline % Row Count 23 (+ 1)
Homeotherms - Internal temp remains constant  \newline % Row Count 24 (+ 1)
Coping with Extremes  \newline % Row Count 25 (+ 1)
1. Escape - migration, dormancy  \newline % Row Count 26 (+ 1)
- Cyptobiosis - complete loss of metabolism  \newline % Row Count 27 (+ 1)
- Hibernation - reduced not shut down  \newline % Row Count 28 (+ 1)
- Torpor - brief periods of reduced activity \newline % Row Count 29 (+ 1)
- Aestivation - adaptation for coping with extreme heat  \newline % Row Count 31 (+ 2)
} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Physiological Ecology (cont)}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{2. Seasonally-appropriate phenotype  \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
3. Compensate for the inability to thermoregulate  \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 2)
- Make more enzymes, each enzyme is slow but do more work \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2)
- turn on appropriate gene under appropriate temperatures  \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 2)
4. Die - strong selection can lead to extinction or to adaptation \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 2)
via evolution through natural selection% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Niche}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Niche  \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
- The set of enviromental factors that influence the growth survival and rep. of a species  \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 2)
- Niche axis - shows diversity \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
Fundamental Niche \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
- Abiotic and Food conditions in which a species might live, in the absence of interactions with other organisms  \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 3)
Realized Niche  \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
- Abiotic and food conditions in which a species might live, given interactions with other organisms% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Allocation of Energy}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Principle of the allocation of energy  \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
- since energy resources are limited using energy for one thing reduces the energy available for another (e.g growth and rep) \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 3)
Fast and Slow life histories  \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
(R-selected) and (K-selected) \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
Life histories  \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
1. Age of sexual Maturity  \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1)
2. Fecundity   \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
3. Partiy - breeding event \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 1)
4. Parental investment  \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 1)
5. Longevity  \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 1)
Plants  \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 1)
- Competitors (top)- fare poorly in stress/disturbed \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 2)
- Stress tolerant - unique adaptations  \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 1)
- Ruderals - quick to arrive and grow easily out-competed% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Behavioral Ecology I}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Battle of the Sexes  \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
Asexual reproduction - without the fusion of gametes \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 2)
Autogamy - fusion of gametes - within the same individual (can swap gametes) \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2)
Allogamy - fusion of gametes - different individuals  \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 2)
Gynogenesis - sperm touches but not penetrates \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1)
hybridogenesis - Father's DNA excluded from next generation \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 2)
Isogamy - Sperm and egg same size  \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 1)
Anisogamy - Sperm smaller than egg  \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 1)
Oogamy - Egg non-motile  \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 1)
Sexual Dimorphism - difference in size/appearance apart from genitalia \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 2)
Anisogamous Species - sperm smaller than egg \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 1)
Males - want to mate - Max. Fit. \newline % Row Count 17 (+ 1)
Females - want to wait - Max. Fit. \newline % Row Count 18 (+ 1)
Fit Max?? - males have more offspring  \newline % Row Count 19 (+ 1)
Male Phenotypes: compete with other males, attract females etc.  \newline % Row Count 21 (+ 2)
Female Phenotypes: drawing males in, choosing males  \newline % Row Count 23 (+ 2)
Consequences of Anisogamy  \newline % Row Count 24 (+ 1)
1. Female Choice  \newline % Row Count 25 (+ 1)
- Sexual selection, Direct/indirect benefits, Brain development \newline % Row Count 27 (+ 2)
2. Battle of the males  \newline % Row Count 28 (+ 1)
-Direct battles, Sperm Comp, Interference, Infanticide \newline % Row Count 30 (+ 2)
} \tn 
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\vfill
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Behavioral Ecology I (cont)}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{3. Sexual conflict between males and females \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
Tramatic insemination + infanticide \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
Features for grip  \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
Genitalia changes  \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
Cryptic Female choice - stores/ chemically kills sperm \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
Sexual Cannibalizm - female eats male  \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
Battle of the female  \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1)
1. Nonadaptive hypothesis- female aggression byproduct \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 2)
2. Natural selection Hypothesis - compete for food and protection \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 2)
3.  Sexual selection - males are rare/good genes% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Mating Systems}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Mating Systems  \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
- Social sexual structure of a pop \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
Monogamy  \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
- Exclusive  \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
Serial - partner for that season but different yearly \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
Social - care of offspring together, not bio \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
Genetic - care for bio offspring  \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1)
Polygamy  \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
- multiple partners  \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 1)
Polygyny - Male +females \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 1)
Polyandry - Female +males \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 1)
Polygynandry -+males +females exclusive  \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 1)
Promiscuity  \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 1)
- no mate choice (seaanneminies) \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 1)
Sex with Benefits  \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 1)
- mate guarding  \newline % Row Count 17 (+ 1)
- female-enforced monogamy  \newline % Row Count 18 (+ 1)
- mate assistance  \newline % Row Count 19 (+ 1)
Direct benefits, Indirect benefits  \newline % Row Count 20 (+ 1)
Material benefits polyandry \newline % Row Count 21 (+ 1)
- more resources \newline % Row Count 22 (+ 1)
- Better protection  \newline % Row Count 23 (+ 1)
- infanticide resistance \newline % Row Count 24 (+ 1)
- genetic benefits (better chance pregnancy) \newline % Row Count 25 (+ 1)
Dispersion of resources and ability to defend  \newline % Row Count 26 (+ 1)
Uniform/Random/Clumped  \newline % Row Count 27 (+ 1)
Paternal Care  \newline % Row Count 28 (+ 1)
Altricial - born helpless \newline % Row Count 29 (+ 1)
Precocial - born independent% Row Count 30 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Population Ecology}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Species  \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
- a group of potentially interbreeding organisms capable of producing fertile offspring  \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 2)
Population \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
- Organisms ACTUALLY reproduce contained in the same geographic area  \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
Population Characteristics  \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
Geographic Range, Abundance, Density, Dispersion, Dispersal, Structure \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 2)
1. Spatial distribution - Niche requirements, time, ability to get there \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 2)
2. Abundance  \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 1)
-Census size (Nc) mark release capture M/N=R/C \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 1)
3. Density \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 1)
\# of individuals per unit area \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 1)
4. Dispersion \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 1)
5. Dispersal  \newline % Row Count 17 (+ 1)
-the movement of individuals% Row Count 18 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Population growth}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Type 1, Type 2, Type 3 - Percentage of survivors (log(lx*100))/(Max life span) \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
lx = proportion of those born Nx/N0 \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
bx = average number of female offspring an individual female has during x  \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2)
lxbx = replaced \% of the starting population \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
R0 = Net reproductive rate sum of lxbx \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
snakes/snake/gen \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1)
T= generation time sumof xlxbx/R0 \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
r= per capita growth rate InR0/T \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 1)
snakes/snake/inst.time \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 1)
BIDE  \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 1)
N=B+I-D-E \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 1)
N/T=BIDE/change T \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 1)
r= b-d  \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 1)
dN/dt=rNt \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 1)
Nt=N0e\textasciicircum{}rt \newline % Row Count 17 (+ 1)
r=rmax((K-Nt)/K) \newline % Row Count 18 (+ 1)
dN/dt = rmaxNt((K-N)/K)% Row Count 19 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Intraspecific interactios}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Intraspecific interactions  \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
- Behaviours directed towards the recipient from an actor  \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 2)
Actor - doing the thing  \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
Recipient - getting the thing  \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
Cooperation - benefits both - forging, protection \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
Selfishness - benefits actor - self protection  \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
Altruism - benefits recipient - kin selection greenbeard, reciprocal, costly signaling  \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 2)
Spite - no benifit% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Help}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Help test% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}