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\author{Varda}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (microbiology.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (Varda)
  /Subject (Microbiology Cheat Sheet)
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\noindent
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    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Microbiology Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Varda} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/165279/cs/40665/}}}
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\noindent
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}Varda \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/varda} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 20th November, 2023.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{document}
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% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
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\begin{multicols*}{2}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Topic 1}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{{\emph{The Importance of Microbiology}}}} \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
{\bf{MicroBiome Vs Microbiota}} \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
- Microbiomes - functional collection of multiple microbes in a particular enviromental system. (Microbiota + "theater of activity" \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 3)
- Microbiota - All types of microorganisms present in a microhabitat \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 2)
BENEFITS  \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1)
- Biomarkers - predicting diseases \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
- Designing targeted therapies \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 1)
- Personalized drug therapies and probiotics \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 1)
Metagenomics - Study of genetic material from enviromental/clinical samples  \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 2)
Using metagenomic sequencing or metasequencing techniques  \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 2)
{\bf{major microbial populations in human body}} \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 1)
- GI track (Gastrointestinal track) - Stomach, Small intestine, Large Intestine \newline % Row Count 18 (+ 2)
phylotypes - group of organism by phenetic relationship \newline % Row Count 20 (+ 2)
Human gut phylotypes :  \newline % Row Count 21 (+ 1)
- Gastric fluid : Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria  \newline % Row Count 23 (+ 2)
- Mucus Layer - Firmicutes and Proteobacteria \newline % Row Count 24 (+ 1)
Stomach - {\emph{Helicobacter pylori}} - in gastric mucosa \newline % Row Count 26 (+ 2)
Large Intestine - Small Intestine goes to the ileum empties into the cecum.  \newline % Row Count 28 (+ 2)
- E. coli \newline % Row Count 29 (+ 1)
{\bf{microbial communities in the gastrointestinal track}} \newline % Row Count 31 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Topic 1 (cont)}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\emph{enterotypes}} - stable clusters of communities co-existing \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
- 3 types - Bacteroides, Prevotella, Ruminococcus  \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
Products of Metabolites  \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
- Vitamin production \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
- Modification of steroids \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
- Amino acid biosynthesis \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1)
- Shotgun Metagenomic Sequencing  \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
- 16S rRNA  \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 1)
{\emph{Development}} \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 1)
- Colonization begins - Birth - Source of vitamins and education for immune system \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 2)
{\emph{Disorders}} \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 1)
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) - Dysbiosis - disruption of homeostasis \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 2)
Antibiotics - decrease microbes in the gut  \newline % Row Count 17 (+ 1)
{\emph{C. difficile}} - spore-former, antibiotic-resistant opportunistic pathogen \newline % Row Count 19 (+ 2)
Probiotics \newline % Row Count 20 (+ 1)
Prebiotics - carbohydrates, provide nutrition for fermentative gut bacteria \newline % Row Count 22 (+ 2)
Synbiotics - combines both pro and pre-biotics \newline % Row Count 23 (+ 1)
{\bf{Human Virome}} \newline % Row Count 24 (+ 1)
- RNA virus Genomes - Typically smaller than DNA viruses, Single/double stranded \newline % Row Count 26 (+ 2)
- Viroids - Naked infectious RNAs that cause plant diseases \newline % Row Count 28 (+ 2)
The Baltimore Scheme  \newline % Row Count 29 (+ 1)
- 7 classes in relation to its mRNA \newline % Row Count 30 (+ 1)
} \tn 
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Topic 1 (cont)}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{= 3 classes of DNA genome \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
= 4 classes of RNA genome \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
- Class 1 - double stranded (+/-) - RNA replicase makes (+) strand to be used as mRNA and template \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
- Class 2 - DNA (+) - produces replicative form \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
- Class 3 - RNA (+/-) - must carry RNA replicase \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
- Class 4 - RNA (-) - genome mRNA \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
- Class 5 - RNA (-) - RNA replicase makes (+) strand to be used as mRNA and template \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 2)
- Class 6 - RNA (+)  \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 1)
- Class 7 - DNA (+/-) - Uses reverse transcriptase Hepatitis B (HBV) \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 2)
{\bf{Genetic Transfer Processes}} - Transduction and Lysogeny  \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 2)
Lysogeny - Viral genes replicated not transcribed  \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 2)
- Prophage - Lysogenic form of Viral DNA \newline % Row Count 17 (+ 1)
{\bf{Transduction}}: the transfer of host genes from one cell to another by a virus, 2 modes - generalized and specialized \newline % Row Count 20 (+ 3)
- Generalized - donor genes not part of viral genome and cannot replicate independently, Transducing particle - Particles containing bacterial host DNA  \newline % Row Count 24 (+ 4)
Bacteriophages - protective role in human health, first line of defense against pathogens  \newline % Row Count 26 (+ 2)
Phage - symbiotic relationship \newline % Row Count 27 (+ 1)
{\bf{{\emph{Microbiology of Water}}}} \newline % Row Count 28 (+ 1)
Sources  \newline % Row Count 29 (+ 1)
- Potable Water - Used for drinking and cooking  \newline % Row Count 30 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Topic 1 (cont)}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{= Filtration and Chlorination  \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
- Recreational Water - Public ponds, lakes, Swimming pool \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 2)
Testing  \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
- Indicator organism - signals potential for diseases \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
{\bf{{\emph{Microbiology of Food}}}}% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Topic 2}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{{\emph{Microbial Structure and Function}}}}  \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
{\bf{{\emph{Microbial Morphology}}}} \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
-Morphology - Cell Shape  \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
- Coccus - Spherical or ovoid \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
- Rod/bacillus - Cylindrical  \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
- Spirillum - Curved or spiral  \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
- Spirochetes - Tightly coiled  \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
{\bf{{\emph{cell membrane and cell wall}}}} \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1)
{\emph{Bacterial Membrane}} \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
- Hopanoids - Strengthen the membrane (Sterol-like molecules) \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 2)
{\emph{Archaeal Membrane}} \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 1)
- ether linkages in phospholipids  \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 1)
- Has isoprenes  \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 1)
{\emph{Bacteria and Eukarya Membrane}}  \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 1)
- Ester linkages in phospholipids  \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 1)
Bacterial Cell Wall  \newline % Row Count 17 (+ 1)
Gram-negative cell wall - two layers : lipopolysaccharide + peptidoglycan  \newline % Row Count 19 (+ 2)
- glycan tetrapeptide \newline % Row Count 20 (+ 1)
Over view - Outer membrane, periplasm, cytoplasmic membrane  \newline % Row Count 22 (+ 2)
Outer - composed of lipopolysaccharide, endotoxin- lipid A - Barrier against antibiotics \newline % Row Count 24 (+ 2)
Porins - transmembrane protein channels for the entrance and exit of solutes  \newline % Row Count 26 (+ 2)
Periplasm - Located between cytoplasmic and outer membrane  \newline % Row Count 28 (+ 2)
Gram-positive cell wall - One layer of peptidoglycan - interbridges of Gly \newline % Row Count 30 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
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\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Topic 2 (cont)}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{can be destroyed by lysozyme \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
- teichoic acids covalently bound to peptidoglycan - lipoteichoic acids - covalently bound \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 2)
{\bf{Archaeal Cell Wall}} \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
no peptidoglycan  \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
Pseudomurein - polysaccharide, similar to peptidoglycan  \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 2)
 cannot be destroyed by lysozyme or penicillin \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1)
{\bf{{\emph{cell surface structures and inclusions}}}} \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
- not part of the cell wall  \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 1)
- Slime Layer - Loosely attached easily deformed  \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 1)
- Capsule - Tightly attached matrix, visible with India ink  \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 2)
{\bf{{\emph{cell locomotion}}}} \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 1)
{\bf{{\emph{eukaryotic microbial}}}}% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}