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% Document Info
\author{UmeshJagtap}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (onion-peel-cell-structure-study.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (UmeshJagtap)
  /Subject (Onion Peel Cell Structure Study Cheat Sheet)
}

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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Onion Peel Cell Structure Study Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{UmeshJagtap} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/186232/cs/40659/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}UmeshJagtap \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/umeshjagtap} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 7th October, 2023.\\
   Updated 5th October, 2023.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Objective}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{To observe and study the cell structure in an onion peel (cataphyll) using staining and mounting techniques.} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Materials}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-square-o\}\}Fresh onion bulb \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
\{\{fa-square-o\}\}Microscope slides \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
\{\{fa-square-o\}\}Cover slips \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
\{\{fa-square-o\}\}Forceps \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
\{\{fa-square-o\}\}Dropper \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
\{\{fa-square-o\}\}Safranin stain / Iodine solution (0.5\%) \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 2)
\{\{fa-square-o\}\}Distilled water \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1)
\{\{fa-square-o\}\}Microscope% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
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{\bf{Step 1: Preparing the Onion Peel}} & 1. Carefully peel off a thin, translucent layer from the inner surface of an onion bulb (cataphyll). \{\{nl\}\}  2.Place the onion peel on a clean microscope slide. \tn 
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{\bf{Step 2: Staining the Onion Peel}} & 3. Using a dropper, add a few drops of safranin /0.5\% iodine solution onto the onion peel. Ensure the entire surface is covered.  	\{\{nl\}\}4.  Allow the safranin / iodine solution to sit for 1-2 minutes to stain cell contents \tn 
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{\bf{Step 3: Mounting the Onion Peel}} & 5. Gently lower a clean cover slip onto the onion peel, avoiding air bubbles. Angle it slightly to allow even spreading of safranin / iodine solution.  \{\{nl\}\}6. Press down gently to secure the cover slip. \tn 
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{\bf{Step 4: Microscope Observation}} & 7. Place the prepared slide on the microscope stage. \{\{nl\}\}8.Start with the lowest objective lens (usually 4x or 10x) and focus using coarse and fine adjustments. \{\{nl\}\}9. Increase magnification (40x or 100x) and refocus as needed. \{\{nl\}\} 10. Observe onion peel cells, noting structures like cell wall, membrane, nucleus, and organelles \tn 
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{\bf{Step 5: Recording Observations}} & 11. Draw representative onion peel cells in your lab notebook. Label cell structures observed. \{\{nl\}\} 12. Note any variations in cell structure within the onion peel. \tn 
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{\bf{Step 6: Cleaning Up}} & 13. Remove the slide from the microscope stage. \{\{nl\}\}14.Dispose of onion peel and cover slip in designated waste container. \{\{nl\}\} 15. Clean microscope lenses and stage using lens cleaning paper and solution if needed. \tn 
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{\bf{Safety Precautions}} & \{\{fa-rocket\}\} Handle equipment and chemicals with care. \{\{nl\}\}\{\{fa-rocket\}\} Be cautious with iodine solution, which can stain skin and clothing. \{\{nl\}\}\{\{fa-rocket\}\}Wash hands thoroughly after the experiment. \tn 
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{\bf{Observation}} & {\bf{Description}} \tn 
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Cell Shape & Rectangular \tn 
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Cell wall & Rigid, outermost layer \tn 
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Cell Membrane (Plasma Membrane) & Thin, semi-permeable layer beneath the cell wall \tn 
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Cytoplasm & Granular, semi-transparent, filling the cell interior \tn 
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Nucleus & Large, round, centrally located, darker staining \tn 
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Vacuole & Large, clear, centrally located \tn 
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Cell Arrangement & Regular pattern with adjacent cells \tn 
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Variation in Cell Size & Some variations in cell size \tn 
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Safranin / Iodine Staining & Effective staining of cell contents, enhancing visibility \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{This experiment allowed us to observe and study the cell structure of an onion peel using staining and mounting techniques. The iodine / safranin  stain highlighted various cell components, including the cell wall, cell membrane, and nucleus. This observation provides insight into the organization and characteristics of plant cells.% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
} \tn 
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% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

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