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% Document Info
\author{UmeshJagtap}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (isolation-of-plant-genomic-dna.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (UmeshJagtap)
  /Subject (Isolation of Plant Genomic DNA Cheat Sheet)
}

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\noindent
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    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Isolation of Plant Genomic DNA Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{UmeshJagtap} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/186232/cs/39693/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}UmeshJagtap \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/umeshjagtap} \\
  \end{tabulary}
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 8th August, 2023.\\
   Updated 8th August, 2023.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{multicols*}{2}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{AIM}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Isolation of plant (Onion) genomic DNA  by a crude method.% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{INTRODUCTION}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{A general difficulty in isolating DNA from plant cells is the presence of a cell wall, which requires degradation either physically or enzymatically. Specific plant species and tissues may have additional challenges due to starches or phenolic compounds.% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{OBJECTIVE}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-check\}\}Extract genomic DNA from onion.% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{PRINCIPLE}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{All DNA isolation methods consist of three steps: \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
\{\{fa-check\}\}Lysis of cells. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
\{\{fa-check\}\}Denaturation of histones associated with DNA. \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
\{\{fa-check\}\}Precipitation of DNA using an organic solvent like ethanol. \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
In the described method: \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
1. A kitchen blender (mixer Grinder) breaks open the cell walls. \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 2)
2. Detergent degrades the phospholipid membranes around the nuclei, releasing the DNA. \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 2)
3. Detergent, combined with heating, denatures the histones associated with the DNA. \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 2)
4. Protease hydrolyses the denatured histones into peptides and amino acids. \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 2)
5. DNA is then precipitated in ice-cold ethanol, which disrupts DNA-water interactions, causing DNA to precipitate out of solution.% Row Count 18 (+ 3)
} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{REQUIREMENTS}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-leaf\}\}MATERIALS \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
\{\{fa-square-o\}\}Onion  \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
\{\{fa-square-o\}\}Washing-up liquid (Detergent) \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
\{\{fa-square-o\}\}Table salt (3 g) \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
\{\{fa-square-o\}\}Water (tap water is suitable) \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
\{\{fa-square-o\}\}Very cold ethanol or Isopropanol (10 ml) (keep in the freezer) \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 2)
\{\{fa-square-o\}\}a protease enzyme, (2–3 drops) (Optional) \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 2)
\{\{fa-square-o\}\}Ice \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 1)
\{\{fa-square-o\}\}Cheesecloth \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 1)
\{\{fa-leaf\}\}EQUIPMENT \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 1)
\{\{fa-square-o\}\}Plastic funnel \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 1)
\{\{fa-square-o\}\}Beakers, 2 (250 ml) \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 1)
\{\{fa-square-o\}\}Test tubes, 2 \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 1)
\{\{fa-square-o\}\}Plastic spoon for stirring the mixture \newline % Row Count 17 (+ 2)
\{\{fa-square-o\}\}Chopping board \newline % Row Count 18 (+ 1)
\{\{fa-square-o\}\}Knife for chopping onion \newline % Row Count 19 (+ 1)
\{\{fa-square-o\}\}Water bath, maintained at 60°C \newline % Row Count 20 (+ 1)
\{\{fa-square-o\}\}Mixer Grinder or liquidiser% Row Count 21 (+ 1)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{PROTOCOL}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Dissolve 3g salt in 90ml (about 3.04 oz)  water with washing-up liquid.} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Add chopped onion (5mm (about 0.2 in) x 5mm) to the solution in a beaker.} \tn 
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% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Place the beaker in a 60°C water bath for 15 minutes.} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Cool the mixture in an ice water bath for 5 minutes, stirring frequently.} \tn 
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% Row 4
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Blend the mixture for 5 seconds on high speed in a mixer grinder.} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 5
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Filter the mixture into another beaker to obtain the DNA-containing filtrate.} \tn 
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% Row 6
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Optionally, add 2–3 drops of protease to 10ml (about 0.34 oz) of onion extract in a boiling tube and mix well.} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
% Row 7
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Carefully pour ice-cold ethanol down the side of the boiling tube.} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 8
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Let the tube sit undisturbed for a few minutes.} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 1)
% Row 9
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{DNA will precipitate into the upper ethanol layer, appearing as white material.} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{RESULT}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/umeshjagtap_1690454433_2022-10-20-15-40-42.jpg}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{OBSERVATIONS}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{The photo shows the result of mixing a part of an onion with detergent and salt, and then layering ice-cold ethanol on top of the mixture. DNA appears as the white precipitate in the alcohol layer.} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
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% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}