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% Document Info
\author{UmeshJagtap}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (determination-of-stomatal-density.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (UmeshJagtap)
  /Subject (Determination of Stomatal Density Cheat Sheet)
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\noindent
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    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Determination of Stomatal Density Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{UmeshJagtap} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/186232/cs/47537/}}}
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\noindent
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}UmeshJagtap \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/umeshjagtap} \\
  \end{tabulary}
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 30th December, 2025.\\
   Updated 30th December, 2025.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{document}
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% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
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\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Aim}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{To study the structure of stomata and determine stomatal density on upper and lower surfaces of leaves.} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
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\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Introduction}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{{\bf{Stomata}}: Microscopic pores on leaf surfaces, regulated by guard cells. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
{\bf{Function}}: Facilitate gas exchange (CO₂ intake) and transpiration (water loss). \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
{\bf{Objective}}: Measure stomatal density using a microscope and study stomatal structure.% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Materials Required:}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{•	Plant Leaves (Tradescantia or Pancratium or Hibiscus) \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
•	Microscope slides and cover slips \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
•	Transparent nail paint \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
•	Transparent sticky tape \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
•	Glycerine \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
•	Safranin \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
•	Razor blade \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1)
•	Forceps \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
•	Microscope \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 1)
•	Digital camera or smartphone \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 1)
•	Clear plastic ruler (metric scale)% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
} \tn 
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Protocol:}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{{\bf{Step 1: Prepare Materials}} \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
	Collect all required materials. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
	Select a healthy, fully expanded leaf for analysis. \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
{\bf{Step 2: Leaf Preparation}} \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
	Cut the leaf obliquely into two pieces. \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
	Place each piece in separate watch glasses containing distilled water: \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 2)
	One for the upper (adaxial) surface \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
	One for the lower (abaxial) surface \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 1)
{\bf{3: Peel Preparation}} \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 1)
	Using forceps, carefully peel the upper and lower epidermal layers. \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 2)
	Mount each peel on a clean glass slide with a drop of glycerine. \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 2)
	Add a drop of diluted safranin to stain the stomata. \newline % Row Count 17 (+ 2)
{\bf{Method: Stomatal Impression Technique Using Nail Polish and Sticky Tape}} \newline % Row Count 19 (+ 2)
{\emph{1: Selection of Leaf Samples}} \newline % Row Count 20 (+ 1)
	Select fresh, healthy leaves from a normal (unstressed) plant. \newline % Row Count 22 (+ 2)
	Select fresh leaves from a plant exposed to stress conditions (e.g., water stress, high light, or salinity). \newline % Row Count 25 (+ 3)
	Ensure that leaves are clean and free from dust. \newline % Row Count 26 (+ 1)
{\emph{2: Application of Nail Polish}} \newline % Row Count 27 (+ 1)
	Place the leaf flat with the lower (abaxial) surface facing upward. \newline % Row Count 29 (+ 2)
	Apply a thin, even layer of clear nail polish on the lower surface of the leaf using a brush. \newline % Row Count 31 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Protocol: (cont)}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{	Allow the nail polish to dry completely for 10–15 minutes until a transparent film is formed. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
{\emph{3: Preparation of Stomatal Impressions}} \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
	Place a small piece of transparent sticky tape over the dried nail polish film. \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2)
	Press gently to ensure proper adhesion between the tape and the nail polish layer. \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 2)
	Carefully peel off the sticky tape using forceps; the nail polish film containing stomatal impressions will be transferred onto the tape. \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 3)
{\emph{4: Mounting of Impression}} \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 1)
	Place the sticky tape with the nail polish impression onto a clean glass slide. \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 2)
	Add a drop of water or glycerine if required to improve clarity. \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 2)
	Gently place a cover slip over the tape to avoid air bubbles. \newline % Row Count 17 (+ 2)
{\bf{Step 4: Microscopic Observation}} \newline % Row Count 18 (+ 1)
	Observe the mounted preparation under the microscope using low power (10×) first. \newline % Row Count 20 (+ 2)
	Switch to high power (40×) for detailed observation of stomata. \newline % Row Count 22 (+ 2)
	Record observations on the size, shape, distribution, and density of stomata. \newline % Row Count 24 (+ 2)
	Compare stomatal features between healthy and stressed plants. \newline % Row Count 26 (+ 2)
{\bf{Step 5: Microscopic Observation}} \newline % Row Count 27 (+ 1)
	Place a cover slip over the mounted peel. \newline % Row Count 28 (+ 1)
	Use the transparent ruler method to measure the field of view (FOV): \newline % Row Count 30 (+ 2)
} \tn 
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Protocol: (cont)}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{	Place a clear plastic ruler on the microscope stage under the stage clips. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
	Rotate to the lowest magnification objective (4×). \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
	Focus using coarse, then fine adjustment until metric markings are clear. \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
	Align the ruler to measure the diameter of the circular field of view (record in mm). \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 2)
	Calculate the radius: \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
                                      Radius (r)=Diameter (D)/ 2 \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 2)
         For 10× and 40× objectives, calculate the FOV using: \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 2)
                                      FOV\textasciitilde{}low\textasciitilde{} X Mag\textasciitilde{}low\textasciitilde{} = FOV\textasciitilde{}high\textasciitilde{} X Mag\textasciitilde{}high\textasciitilde{} \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 2)
         Calculate the area of the FOV: \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 1)
                                      Area=πr\textasciicircum{}2\textasciicircum{} \newline % Row Count 17 (+ 1)
                                           π=3.14 \newline % Row Count 19 (+ 2)
{\bf{Step 6: Calculate Stomata per 1 mm$^{\textrm{2}}$}} \newline % Row Count 20 (+ 1)
               Stomata per 1 mm\textasciicircum{}2\textasciicircum{}= Number of stomata counted / Area of field of view (mm\textasciicircum{}2\textasciicircum{}) \newline % Row Count 22 (+ 2)
{\bf{Step 7: Stomatal Structure Analysis}} \newline % Row Count 23 (+ 1)
•	Examine the size, shape, and distribution of stomata under the microscope. \newline % Row Count 25 (+ 2)
•	Note any differences between upper and lower surfaces. \newline % Row Count 27 (+ 2)
•	Capture images for documentation.% Row Count 28 (+ 1)
} \tn 
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Objective \seqsplit{Magnification} & Diameter of FOV (mm) & Radius of FOV (mm) (D/2) & Area of FOV (mm$^{\textrm{2}}$) \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{Plant Name} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Result}}}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{The stomatal density of Plant leaf was determined using microscopic observation. The upper (adaxial) surface showed an average stomatal density of ........ stomata/mm$^{\textrm{2}}$, while the lower (abaxial) surface had a higher density of ........stomata/mm$^{\textrm{2}}$.% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
} \tn 
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\end{document}