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\author{ts3414}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (cva-stroke-and-terms.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (ts3414)
  /Subject (cva - stroke - and terms Cheat Sheet)
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        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{cva - stroke - and terms Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{ts3414} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/195341/cs/40940/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}ts3414 \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/ts3414} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 20th October, 2023.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{assessments}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
NIH stroke scale & 15 item evaluation for CVA on consciousness, language, neglect, visual fields, eye movement, motor strength, ataxia, dysarthria, and sensation. 0=No CVA, 21-42=Severe CVA. \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 9)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Mini FIM & Evaluation of function – self-care, transfers, mobility, and cognition. 0=Not taken place, 1= total assist, 7= independent. A score is obtained for each functional task. Includes 7 of the 18 items of the FIM. \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 11)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
FIM & being phased out and replaced with CARE Tool. \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Glasgow coma scale & eye-opening, verbal response, and motor response. \textless{}3=vegatative state, 3-8=severe disability, 13-15=mild injury. \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 6)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
barthel index & evaluation of function for eating, grooming, bathing, bowel and bladder, toileting, dressing, mobility, transfers, and stairs. 0-100. 0=total dependence, 100=total independence. \tn 
% Row Count 38 (+ 9)
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% Row 5
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AM PAC 6 & Measures the 3 functional domains of basic mobility, daily activities, and cognition. \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{white}
assessment of motor and process skills AMPS & observation of ADLs in a natural environment. \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
modified ashworth scale & measures spasticity \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{white}
activity card sort & clients describe their social, daily, and leisure activities. \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 4)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
canadian occupational performance measure COPM & captures client's self-perception of performance in self-care, productivity, and leisure. \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 5)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{white}
community integration questionnaire & assesses limitations in social and community interactions \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 3)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
stroke impact scale & self-report questionnaire of disability and health-related QoL \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 4)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{white}
reintegration to normal living index & quantitatively assesses the degree that clients can reintegrate into social activities \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 5)
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% Row 13
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montreal cognitive assessment MoCA & assesses for the level of cognitive impairment. \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
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\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{stroke tx considerations}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
type of \seqsplit{occupation} & problems & tx techniques \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{occupations} while seated & 1. Loss of trunk and postural control 2. Inability to sit in proper alignment  3. Loss of righting and equilibrium reactions  4. Increased risk for falls -may fall during attempts at function  5. Dysfunction in limb control -difficulty reaching beyond arm span  6. Visual dysfunction secondary to head and neck misalignment  7. Symptoms of dysphagia due to misalignment  8. Impaired ability to interact with the environment  9. Decreased ADLs & 1. Establish a neutral yet active starting alignment -feet flat on floor in weight bearing position -equal weight distribution through ischial tuberosities -neutral to slight anterior pelvic tilt -erect spine -head over shoulders and shoulders over hips  2. Establish the ability to maintain the trunk in midline using external cues. -mirror for visual feedback -verbal cues -environmental cues  3. Maintain trunk ROM through wheelchair and armchair positioning that maintains the trunk in proper alignment. -exercise program focused on trunk ROM -hands on facilitation as needed for mobilization  4. Dynamic weight shifting activities to allow practice of weight shift through the pelvis. -set up occupations to reach beyond arm span and limits of stability -adjust posture..   5. Trunk strengthening -use tasks that require the patient to control the trunk against gravity -bridge the hips in supine position to strengthen the back extensors    6. Compensatory strategies and environmental adaptations -use when trunk control does not improve to a sufficient level, putting patient at risk -compensatory strategies such as one-handed shoe tying -adaptive equipment, including reachers and long handled devices -wheelchair seating systems -lumbar rolls -lateral supports -cushions \tn 
% Row Count 88 (+ 86)
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\seqsplit{occupations} while standing & 1. Asymmetrical weight distribution -weight distribution is seen through the lower extremities as well as the trunk .. 2. Automatic postural controls may be impaired. -ankle strategies, used to maintain center of mass and control small, slow, swaying motions -hip strategies, used to maintain or restore equilibrium -stepping strategies, used when ankle and hip strategies are ineffective .. 3. Resulting problems with base of support (BOS) -movement of BOS toward the COM -steps taken to widen BOS & 1. Establish symmetrical BOS and proper alignment to prepare to engage in occupations -hands on support as needed -feet approximately hip width apart -equal weight bearing through feet -neutral pelvis -knees slightly bent -aligned and symmetrical trunk .. 2. Focus on ability to bear weight and shift weight through affected lower extremity. .. 3. Encourage dynamic reaching activities in multiple environments to develop task specific weight shifting abilities .. 4. Use the environment to grade task difficulty and provide external support5. Train upright control within the context of functional tasks \tn 
% Row Count 41 (+ 41)
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\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{stroke tx considerations (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 3
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inability to use language & Aphasia – a language disorder that results from neurological impairment Global aphasia – loss of all language skills  Broca's Aphasia – expressive aphasia, results from damage to the frontal regions of the left hemisphere  Wernicke's Aphasia – receptive aphasia, results in the inability to understand language in both spoken and written forms  Anomic aphasia – difficulty with word retrieval & 1. Give the patient time to respond – do not force a response .. 2. Use concise language and simple sentences .. 3. Insure generalization, or transfer of learning from one context to another -vary treatment environments -vary the nature of tasks -help patient to become aware of how he or she processes information -teach processing strategies -relate new learning to old .. 4. Types of transfer i. Near transfer – involves transfer of learning between two tasks with one or two different \seqsplit{characteristics} iii. Far transfer – involves transfer of learning between tasks that are conceptually similar but few or no \seqsplit{characteristics} in common iv. Very far transfer– spontaneous application of learning to everyday living \tn 
% Row Count 49 (+ 49)
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% Row 4
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inability to use UE & 1. Limitations due to: -pain -contracture -loss of motor control -weakness -learned disuse  .. 2. \seqsplit{Subluxation:-malalignment} of the shoulder caused by instability of the glenohumeral joint -common complication of CVA -inferior subluxation – head of the humerus slides below the glenoid fossa – caused by muscle weakness and atrophy -anterior subluxation – head of the humerus sits anterior to the glenoid fossa – caused by weak rotator cuff musculature and muscle spasticity -superior subluxation – head of the humerus lodges under the acromion process and the \seqsplit{coracoacromial} ligament – also called high riding shoulder … 3. Tonicity: -low muscle tone immediately following CVA -glenohumeral joint and wrist are susceptible to damage due to subluxation and unstable wrist -splinting used to maintain joint alignment, protect tissues from changes in length, prevent injury, and assist with edema control -resting hand position to provide support to the palmar arch while maintaining neutral wrist position -high muscle tone may develop several days or weeks after CVA, resulting in limited movement and/or contracture of the affected arm & 1. Evaluation should focus on assessing the patient's ability to integrate UE performance of functional tasks -use the affected UE to support performance … 2. Standardized assessments include TEMPA, AMAT, Jebsen, AMPS … 3. Weight bearing through affected UE … 4. Moving objects across a work surface with a static grasp -ironing, opening drawers, polishing furniture … 5. Reaching and manipulation -reach for and hold object -manipulate the object with thumb and finger movements -use objects of different sizes and shapes to facilitate hand control during reach and manipulation -choose activities appropriate for motor control level and grade tasks … 6. \seqsplit{Constraint-induced} movement therapy (CIMT) -restrain the unaffected arm to force movement of the affected arm … 7. Train the arm to be used in weight bearing while reaching \tn 
% Row Count 83 (+ 83)
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% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{frontal lobe} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
motor control & premotor cortex \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
problem solving & prefrontal area \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
speech production & BROCAs area \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{temporal lobe} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
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auditory processing & hearing \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
language comprehension & wernickes area \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
memory & information retrieval \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
brainstem & involuntary responses \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{parietal lobe} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
touch perception & somatosensory cortex \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
body orientation & sensory discrimination \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{occipital lobe} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
sight & visual cortex \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 1)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
visual reception & visual interpretation \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
cerebellum & balance and coordination \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 2)
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{stroke terminology}}  \tn
% Row 0
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accommodation & eyes ability to adjust to various distances in the environment \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
acuity & visual sharpness \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
adaptation & coping with the changes of task demands \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
adhesive capsulitiis & frozen shoulder \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
adjustment to disability & psychosocial condition in which the pt faces barriers to the acceptance of their disability \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 5)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
agraphia & acquired writing disturbance \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
anarthria & speech impairment resulting in the absence of speech \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 3)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
ankle strategy & autonomic postural responses to maintain balance using the ankles \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 4)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
anomia & inability to name things \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
anosognosia & poor insight or denial of one's own disabilities \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 3)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
aphasia & communication deficit resulting in the loss of the ability to speak or understand language \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 5)
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% Row 11
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aprosody & difficulty expressing and recognizing social emotions \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{white}
astereognosis & the inability to recognize things using touch; tactile agnosia \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 4)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
blocked practice & practice using drills with numerous reps \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{white}
broca's aphasia & non fluent expression affecting speech \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
cognitive orientation to daily occupational performance model & a client centered meta cognitive approach with collaboration, goal setting, performance analysis, cognitive strategies, guided discovery to promote generalize and transfer \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 9)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{white}
color agnosia & inability to name or recognize colors \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 2)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
concrete thinking & inflexible thinking \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 1)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{white}
confrontation & movement of an object through the clients visual field \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 3)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
convergence & coordinated eye movement inwards to focus on an object \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 3)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{white}
cortical blindness & blindness resulting from a lesson in the cerebral cortex \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 3)
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% Row 21
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dissociation & separation of body parts during movement patterns \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 22
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divergence & eye movement outwards \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 23
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environmental control unit & a device used to interact with the environment \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 24
\SetRowColor{white}
far transfer & introducing an activity of the same context but different from the initial task performed \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 5)
% Row 25
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
global aphasia & severely impaired language \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 26
\SetRowColor{white}
hemianopsia & visual field deficit (blindness) in half of the visual field \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 3)
% Row 27
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
heterotopic ossification & overgrowth or deposit of bone in soft tissues which may affect movement \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 4)
% Row 28
\SetRowColor{white}
hyperopia & farsightedness \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 1)
% Row 29
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ideational apraxia & inability to perform a task due to loss of a model or mental representation of the procedure \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 5)
% Row 30
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intermediate transfer & changing a number of task parameters while keeping familiar initial task parameters \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 5)
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{stroke terminology (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 31
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ipsilateral pushing & stroke syndrome characterized by physically pushing the body towards one side due to mispercevied center of gravity and midline \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
% Row 32
\SetRowColor{white}
learned nonuse & lack of use of a body part resulting from stroke and its diminished perception of function \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 5)
% Row 33
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
motor adaptation & ability to adapt to postural responses to environmental demands and task changes \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 4)
% Row 34
\SetRowColor{white}
motor apraxia & inability to perform purposeful movements due to impaired planning and sequencing of movements \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 5)
% Row 35
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
myopia & nearsightedness \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 1)
% Row 36
\SetRowColor{white}
near transfer & performing an alternate form of the initial task \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 3)
% Row 37
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
neoplasm & abnormal tissue growth, tumor \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 2)
% Row 38
\SetRowColor{white}
organization & ability to organize thoughts to perform a task in an organized manner with proper sequencing and timing \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 6)
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% Row 39
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praxis & ideation, planning purposeful movements \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 40
\SetRowColor{white}
procedural memory & recalling the steps of a task \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 41
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prosopagnosia & inability to recognize familiar faces \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 42
\SetRowColor{white}
saccadic eye movements & fast, voluntary, coordinated movements of the eyes to fixate back and fourth on two points at a distance \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 6)
% Row 43
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
somatoagnosia & body scheme disorder characterized by decreased awareness of body structure and recognition of ones own body parts and their relationship to each other \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 8)
% Row 44
\SetRowColor{white}
spasticity & hypertonus and hyperactive stretch reflexes \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 3)
% Row 45
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
strabismus & inability of eyes to cross axes due to imbalanced eye muscles, impaired saccades \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 4)
% Row 46
\SetRowColor{white}
trendelenberg sign & when one stands on the affected limb and the opposite gluteal fold falls \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 4)
\end{tabularx}
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% Row 47
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unilateral body neglect & forgetting about one side of the body due to stroke \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 48
\SetRowColor{white}
wallenberg sign & horner syndrome, cerebeller ataxia and contralateral loss of pain and temp \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 4)
% Row 49
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
wernickies aphasia & reduced speech comprehension \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.33919 cm} x{2.63781 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{symptoms associated with parts of the brain}}  \tn
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internal carotid artery & 1. Contralateral hemiplegia, hemianesthesia. And homonymous Hemianopsia 2. Occurrence in dominant hemisphere is associated with aphasia, agraphia/dysgraphia, \seqsplit{acalculia/dyscalculia}, right/left confusion, finger agnosia  3. Occurrence in non-dominant hemisphere associated with perceptual dysfunction, unilateral neglect, anosognosia attention deficits, loss of topographic memory \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 18)
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middle cerebral artery - most common & 1. Contralateral hemiplegia with greater involvement of the arm, face and tongue; sensory deficits; contralateral homonymous hemianopsia and aphasia if the lesion is in the dominant hemisphere 2. Pronounced deviation of the head and neck toward the side of the lesion  3. Perceptual deficits such as anosognosia, unilateral neglect, impaired vertical perception, visual spatial deficits \tn 
% Row Count 37 (+ 19)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.33919 cm} x{2.63781 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{symptoms associated with parts of the brain (cont)}}  \tn
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anterior cerebral artery & 1. Contralateral lower extremity weakness, more severe than upper extremity weakness. 2. Apraxia, mental changes, primitive reflexes and bowel/bladder incontinence may be present.  3. Cortical sensory loss in lower extremity.  4. Intellectual changes including confusion, disorientation, whispering, slow processing speed, distractibility, limited verbalizations, amnesia  5. Total occlusion of artery results in contralateral hemiplegia with severe weakness of the face, tongue and proximal arm muscles, marked spastic paralysis of the distal lower extremity. \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 27)
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posterior cerebral artery & 1. Broad, multiple symptoms 2. Sensory motor deficits, involuntary movement disorders, postural tremors, hemiataxia, memory loss, astereognosis, dysesthesia, kinesthesia, contralateral homonymous hemianopsia, anomia, topographic disorientation, visual agnosia \tn 
% Row Count 40 (+ 13)
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\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.33919 cm} x{2.63781 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{symptoms associated with parts of the brain (cont)}}  \tn
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cerebellar arteries & 1. Ipsilateral ataxia, contralateral loss of sensation of pain and temperature 2. Ipsilateral facial analgesia  3. Dysphagia, dysarthria, nystagmus and contralateral hemiparesis \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 9)
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\end{tabularx}
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% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}