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\author{trebleclef28}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (a-p-chapter-2-chemical-basis-of-life.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (trebleclef28)
  /Subject (A\&P Chapter 2: Chemical Basis of Life Cheat Sheet)
}

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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{A\&P Chapter 2: Chemical Basis of Life Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{trebleclef28} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/151289/cs/32706/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}trebleclef28 \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/trebleclef28} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 9th February, 2024.\\
   Updated 20th June, 2022.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
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\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Essential Elements}}  \tn
% Row 0
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Bulk \seqsplit{Elements} & required by the body in large amounts & Oxygen \{\{nl\}\} Carbon \{\{nl\}\} Hydrogen \{\{nl\}\} Nitrogen \{\{nl\}\} Phosphorus \{\{nl\}\} Sulfur \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 1
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Trace \seqsplit{Elements} & required in small amounts & Copper \{\{nl\}\} Iodine \{\{nl\}\} Iron \tn 
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\seqsplit{Ultratrace} \seqsplit{Elements} & required in very small amounts & Arsenic \{\{nl\}\} Boron \{\{nl\}\} Nickel \{\{nl\}\} Silicon \{\{nl\}\} Tin \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Principle Elements in the Human Body}}  \tn
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{\bf{Element}} & \{\{width=25\}\} {\bf{\% of Body Weight}} & {\bf{Function}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
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Oxygen (O) & 65\% & Component of water, essential for respiration \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 2
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Carbon (C) & 18.6\% & Found in all organic molecules \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 3
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\{\{nobreak\}\} Hydrogen (H) & 9.7\% & Component of water and most compound in the body \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
% Row 4
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Nitrogen (N) & 3.2\% & Found in proteins and nucleic acids \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 3)
% Row 5
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Calcium (Ca) & 1.8\% & Found in bones and teeth, needed for nerves and muscle contraction, blood clotting \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 6)
% Row 6
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\{\{nobreak\}\} \seqsplit{Phosphorus} (P) & 1\% & Found in bones, teeth, ATP \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 3)
% Row 7
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\{\{nobreak\}\} Potassium (K) & 0.4\% & Necessary for membrane function, nerve impulses, and muscle contractions \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 5)
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Sodium (Na) & 0.2\% & Necessary for membrane function, nerve impulses, and muscle contractions \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 5)
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Chlorine (Cl) & 0.2\% & Important for membrane function and water absorption, major component of stomach acid \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 10
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Sulfur (S) & 0.04\% & Found in many proteins \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 11
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Iron (Fe) & 0.007\% & Essential for oxygen transport \tn 
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% Row 12
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Iodine (I) & 0.0002\% & Component of hormones of the thyroid gland \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
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{\bf{Name}} & {\bf{Chemical Symbol}} \tn 
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% Row 1
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Sodium & Na\textasciicircum{}+\textasciicircum{} \tn 
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{\bf{Inorganic}}  \{\{nl\}\}No C and H together \{\{nl\}\} Smaller molecules \{\{nl\}\} Dissociate in water \{\{nl\}\} Water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and salts & {\bf{Organic}} \{\{nl\}\} Contain C and H \{\{nl\}\} Larger molecules \{\{nl\}\} Dissolve in water \{\{nl\}\} Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids \tn 
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1:2:1 ratio \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
{\bf{Monosaccharides and Disaccharides}} (simple sugars): provide energy \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2)
~	~	~	- Monosaccharide examples: glucose, fructose, \{\{nl\}\} ~	~	~	~	galactose \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 3)
~	~	~	- Disaccharide examples: sucrose, maltose, \{\{nl\}\} ~	~	~	~	~lactose \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 3)
{\bf{Polysaccharides}}: store glucose \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 1)
~	~	~	- Examples: glycogen (in liver and muscle) \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 2)
{\bf{Glycoproteins and Glycolipids}}: on cell surfaces, aid in cell communication and recognition (ID tags) \newline % Row Count 17 (+ 3)
~	~	~	- ex. MHC proteins, T-cell receptors, blood type% Row Count 19 (+ 2)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Triglycerides}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Functions}}: \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
~	~	~	- Used primarily for energy storage \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 2)
~	~	~	- More energy rich than glucose \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2)
~	~	~	- Cushions and insulates the body and nerves \{\{nl\}\} ~	~	~	~	(myelin sheath) \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 3)
{\bf{Structure}}:  \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
~	~	~	- Made of 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 2)
~	~	~	~	~	~	- Saturated fats contain three saturated fatty \{\{nl\}\} ~	~	~	~	~	~	~	~acids \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 4)
~	~	~	~	~	~	~	~	~	- Saturated = all single C to C bonds \{\{nl\}\} \seqsplit{~	~	~	~	~	~	~	~	~	~	(saturated} in hydrogen) \newline % Row Count 20 (+ 5)
~	~	~	~	~	~	~	~	~	- Mostly solid and come from animals \newline % Row Count 22 (+ 2)
~	~	~	~	~	~	- Unsaturated fats contain at least one \{\{nl\}\} \seqsplit{~	~	~	~	~	~	~	~unsaturated} fatty acid \newline % Row Count 26 (+ 4)
~	~	~	~	~	~	~	~	~	- Unsaturated = at least one double C to \{\{nl\}\} ~	~	~	~	~	~	~	~	~	~	~C bond (causes kinks in the chain) \newline % Row Count 31 (+ 5)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Function}}: \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
~	~	~	- Major component of cell membranes \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 2)
~	~	~	- Helps provide selective permeability  \{\{nl\}\} ~	~	~	~	~(water barrier) \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 3)
{\bf{Structure}}: \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
~	~	~	- Made of 1 glycerol, 2 fatty acids, and 1 \{\{nl\}\} ~	~	~	~	~phosphate \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 3)
~	~	~	- Hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails \{\{nl\}\} ~	~	~	~	~(amphipathic)% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Function}}: \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
~	~	~	- Synthesize sex hormones \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
~	~	~	- Cholesterol: Needed for vitamin D and bile \{\{nl\}\} ~	~	~	~	~production \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 3)
~	~	~	~	~	~	- HDL "good kind" goes to the liver \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 2)
~	~	~	~	~	~	- LDL "bad kind" gets deposited on artery \{\{nl\}\} ~	~	~	~	~	~	~	~walls \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 4)
{\bf{Structure}}: \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 1)
~	~	~	- Four connected rings of carbon, hydrophobic% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Functions}}: \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
~	~	~	-  Structure and support: muscle, ligaments, \{\{nl\}\} ~	~	~	~	~fingernails, hair, skin \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 3)
~	~	~	- Last resort energy source \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
~	~	~	- Hormones \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
~	~	~	- Receptors \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
~	~	~	- Antibodies \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1)
~	~	~	- Enzymes \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
{\bf{Structure}}: \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 1)
~	~	~	- Made of amino acids (20 in human body) \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 2)
~	~	~	- Amine group, carboxyl group, variable R group \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 2)
~	~	~	- Amino acids held together with peptide bonds \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 2)
~	~	~	- Must have specific shape to function correctly% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Function}}: \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
~	~	~	- DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid): encodes genetic \{\{nl\}\} ~	~	~	~	~information \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 3)
~	~	~	~	~	~	- Provides instructions for making proteins \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
~	~	~	- RNA (ribonucleic acid): helps decode DNA \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 2)
{\bf{Structure}}: \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
~	~	~	- Contains the elements CHONP \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 2)
~	~	~	- Made of nucleotides% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Nucleic Acid Structure}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/trebleclef28_1655713435_nucleic acid _ Definition, Function, Structure, & Types _ Britannica-1.jpg}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}