\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article}

% Packages
\usepackage{fancyhdr}           % For header and footer
\usepackage{multicol}           % Allows multicols in tables
\usepackage{tabularx}           % Intelligent column widths
\usepackage{tabulary}           % Used in header and footer
\usepackage{hhline}             % Border under tables
\usepackage{graphicx}           % For images
\usepackage{xcolor}             % For hex colours
%\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}    % For unicode character support
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}        % Without this we get weird character replacements
\usepackage{colortbl}           % For coloured tables
\usepackage{setspace}           % For line height
\usepackage{lastpage}           % Needed for total page number
\usepackage{seqsplit}           % Splits long words.
%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}     % For underlining links
% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
\usepackage{amsmath}            % Symbols
\usepackage{MnSymbol}           % Symbols
\usepackage{wasysym}            % Symbols
%\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel}              % Languages

% Document Info
\author{Torvak}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (shell.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (Torvak)
  /Subject (Shell Cheat Sheet)
}

% Lengths and widths
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\renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit
% This two commands together give roughly
% the right line height in the tables
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3}
\onehalfspacing

% Commands
\newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour
\newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols
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\newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use

% Font and Colours
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\definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666}
\definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{A3A3A3}
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\renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault}
\color{TextColor}

% Header and Footer
\pagestyle{fancy}
\fancyhead{} % Set header to blank
\fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank
\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
    \SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
    }
\end{tabulary}
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Shell Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Torvak} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/32041/cs/9845/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}Torvak \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/torvak} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 5th January, 2017.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
  \SetRowColor{white}
  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
\raggedright
\raggedcolumns

% Set font size to small. Switch to any value
% from this page to resize cheat sheet text:
% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.74195 cm} x{3.23505 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Variables}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`var=value;` & Initialisation \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
list=\$(ls) & put ls command in a variable 'list' \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{nbLines=\$((nbLines+1))} & increment nbLines \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
`\$0` & the filename of the current script \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`\$0` & n is a positive decimal number corresponding to the position of an argument (the 1st arg is \$1, the 2nd arg is \$2, ect) \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 5)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
`\$\#` & the number of arguments supplied to a script \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`\$*` & all the arguments are double quoted. If a script receives two arguments, \$* is equivalent to \$1 \$2 \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 4)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
`\$@` & all the arguments are individually double quoted. If a script receives two arguments, \$@ is equivalent to \$1 \$2 \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 5)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`\$?` & the exit status of the last command executed \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
`\$\$` & the process number of the current shell. For shell scripts, this is the process ID under which they are executing \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 5)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.74195 cm} x{3.23505 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Variables (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`\$!` & the process number of the last background command \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{NOTE:}}There's no need to specify whether var is string or numerical \newline {\bf{-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-}} \newline `nbLigne=1\{\{nl\}\}list=\$(ls)\{\{nl\}\}for i in \$list\{\{nl\}\}do \{\{nl\}\}\textless{}tab\textgreater{}echo "\$nbLigne -\textgreater{} \$i"\{\{nl\}\}\textless{}tab\textgreater{}nbLigne=\$((nbLigne+1))\{\{nl\}\}done\{\{nl\}\}`}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.43873 cm} x{2.53827 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Directory commands}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`touch fic\{1,2\}` & creates files: fic1 and fic2 \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
`mkdir folder` & create a folder named 'folder' \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`mkdir -p fold1/fold2/fold3` & fold1 contains fold2 and fold2 contains fold3 \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
`mkdir -p fold1/fold2/fold3 toto/tutu` & same as above create fold1 and toto with their sub directories \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 4)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
rm -R * & removes all folders and their subfolders \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
rm filename & remove a file \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
rm *.jpg & removes all jpg files \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{LOOP examples}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-WHILE LOOP-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-}} \newline a=0 \newline while {[} \$a -lt 10 {]} \newline do \newline    echo \$a \newline    a=`expr \$a + 1` \newline done \newline {\bf{-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-FOR LOOP(1)-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-}} \newline for var in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 \newline do \newline    echo \$var \newline done \newline {\bf{-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-FOR LOOP(2)-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-}} \newline for FILE in \$HOME/.bash{\emph{ \newline do \newline    echo \$FILE \newline done \newline {\bf{-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}--FOR LOOP(3)-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-}} \newline nbLigne=1 \newline for i in \$(ls)  \newline do  \newline 	echo "\$nbLigne -\textgreater{} \$i" \newline 	nbLigne=\$((nbLigne+1)) \newline done \newline {\bf{-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-FOR LOOP(4)-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}--}} \newline for TOKEN in \$}} \newline do \newline    echo \$TOKEN \newline done \newline {\bf{-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-UNTIL LOOP-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-}} \newline a=0 \newline until {[} ! \$a -lt 10 {]} \newline do \newline    echo \$a \newline    a=`expr \$a + 1` \newline done \newline {\bf{-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-SELECT LOOP-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-}} \newline select DRINK in tea cofee water juice appe all none \newline do \newline    case \$DRINK in \newline       tea|cofee|water|all)  \newline          echo "Go to canteen" \newline          ;; \newline       juice|appe) \newline          echo "Available at home" \newline       ;; \newline       none)  \newline          break  \newline       ;; \newline       *) echo "ERROR: Invalid selection"  \newline       ;; \newline    esac \newline done \newline {\bf{-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-SIMPLE BREAK-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}--}} \newline a=0 \newline while {[} \$a -lt 10 {]} \newline do \newline    echo \$a \newline    if {[} \$a -eq 5 {]} \newline    then \newline       break \newline    fi \newline    a=`expr \$a + 1` \newline done \newline {\bf{-{}-{}-{}--BREAK WITH ARGUMENT-{}-{}-{}-}} \newline for var1 in 1 2 3 \newline do \newline    for var2 in 0 5 \newline    do \newline       if {[} \$var1 -eq 2 -a \$var2 -eq 0 {]} \newline       then \newline          break 2 \newline       else \newline          echo "\$var1 \$var2" \newline       fi \newline    done \newline done \newline {\bf{NOTE: a break command with the argument 2-\textgreater{}break out of outer loop and ultimately from inner loop as well.}} \newline {\bf{-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-CONTINUE-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}--}} \newline NUMS="1 2 3 4 5 6 7" \newline  \newline for NUM in \$NUMS \newline do \newline    Q=`expr \$NUM \% 2` \newline    if {[} \$Q -eq 0 {]} \newline    then \newline       echo "Number is an even number!!" \newline       continue \newline    fi \newline    echo "Found odd number" \newline done} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Pipes and filters}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{`grep pattern file(s)print all lines that do not match pattern`} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
`grep -v` & print all lines that do not match pattern \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`grep -n` & print the matched line and its line number \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
`grep -l` & print only the names of files with matching lines (letter "l") \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 4)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`grep -c` & print only the count of matching lines \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
`grep -i` & match either upper- or lowercase \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`ls -l | grep -i "carol.*aug"` & find lines with "carol", followed by zero or more other characters abbreviated in a regular expression as ".*"), then followed by "Aug" \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 7)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
`sort fileName` & arranges lines of text alphabetically or numerically \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 3)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`sort -n` & sort numerically (example: 10 will sort after 2), ignore blanks and tabs \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 4)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Pipes and filters (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`sort -r` & reverse the order of sort \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{white}
`sort -f` & sort upper- and lowercase together \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`sort +x` & ignore first x fields when sorting \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{white}
`ls -l | grep "Aug" | sort +4n` & sorts all files in your directory modified in August by order of size, +4n skips four fields (fields are separated by blanks) then sorts the lines in numeric order \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 9)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`ls -l \$dir |egrep "\textasciicircum{}-|\textasciicircum{}l" |rev |cut -d' ' -f 1|rev` & \textgreater{} list contents  starting by '-' or 'l' (file) \{\{nl\}\}\textgreater{}reverse letters\{\{nl\}\}\textgreater{}cut with delimiter ' '(space)\{\{nl\}\}\textgreater{}select field 1\{\{nl\}\}\textgreater{}reverse \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 7)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{white}
`ls -l \$dir |egrep "\textasciicircum{}d" |rev |cut -d' ' -f 1|rev` & \textgreater{} list contents starting by 'd' (directory)\{\{nl\}\}\textgreater{}rest same as above \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Conditional structure}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{/-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-IF\_ELIF\_FI-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-/}} \newline \#!/bin/sh \newline  \newline a=10 \newline b=20 \newline  \newline if {[} \$a == \$b {]} \newline then \newline    echo "a is equal to b" \newline elif {[} \$a -gt \$b {]} \newline then \newline    echo "a is greater than b" \newline elif {[} \$a -lt \$b {]} \newline then \newline    echo "a is less than b" \newline else \newline    echo "None of the condition met" \newline fi \newline  \newline {\bf{RESULT: a is less than b}} \newline  \newline {\bf{/-{}-{}-{}--SIMPLE CASE...ESAC EXAMPLE-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-/}} \newline FRUIT="kiwi" \newline  \newline case "\$FRUIT" in \newline    "apple") echo "Apple pie is quite tasty."  \newline    ;; \newline    "banana") echo "I like banana nut bread."  \newline    ;; \newline    "kiwi") echo "New Zealand is famous for kiwi."  \newline    ;; \newline esac \newline {\bf{RESULT: New Zealand is famous for kiwi.}} \newline  \newline /-{}-{}-{}-COMPLEXE CASE\_ESAC-{}-{}-{}--/ \newline option="\$\{1\}"  \newline case \$\{option\} in  \newline    -f) FILE="\$\{2\}"  \newline       echo "File name is \$FILE" \newline       ;;  \newline    -d) DIR="\$\{2\}"  \newline       echo "Dir name is \$DIR" \newline       ;;  \newline    *)   \newline       echo "`basename \$\{0\}`:usage: {[}-f file{]} | {[}-d directory{]}"  \newline       exit 1 \# Command to come out of the program with status 1 \newline       ;;  \newline esac  \newline  \newline {\bf{EXAMPLE RUN OF THE PROGRAME: }} \newline \$./test.sh \newline test.sh: usage: {[} -f filename {]} | {[} -d directory {]} \newline \$ ./test.sh -f index.htm \newline \$ vi test.sh \newline \$ ./test.sh -f index.htm \newline File name is index.htm \newline \$ ./test.sh -d unix \newline Dir name is unix} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.24425 cm} x{3.73275 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Operators}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
+, -, *, /, \% & Basic arithetic operators \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
= & Assignment - Assign right operand in left operand \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
== & Equality - Compares two numbers, if both are same then returns true. \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
!= & Not Equality - Compares two numbers, if both are different then returns true. \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-eq & Checks if the value of two operands are equal or not, if yes then condition becomes true. \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
-ne & Checks if the value of two operands are equal or not, if values are not equal then condition becomes true. \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 4)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-gt & Checks if the value of left operand is greater than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 4)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
-lt & Checks if the value of left operand is less than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 4)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-ge & Checks if the value of left operand is greater than or equal to the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true. \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 5)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.24425 cm} x{3.73275 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Operators (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-le & Checks if the value of left operand is less than or equal to the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{white}
! & This is logical negation. This inverts a true condition into false and vice versa \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-o & This is logical OR. If one of the operands is true then condition would be true \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{white}
-a & This is logical AND. If both the operands are true then condition would be true otherwise it would be false \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 4)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-e & check if right operand exists \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.18988 cm} x{2.78712 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Input, Output to Promt screen}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`read varName` & Store user input in varName \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
`echo \$varName` & Outputs to screen content of \$varName \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`echo "You entered \$varName"` & Same as above \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{File systems}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`who \textgreater{} users` & Puts output of command 'who' in the file 'users' (NOTE: if file already contains content, it will be overwritten) \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
`cat users` & lists content of file 'users' \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`echo new line \textgreater{}\textgreater{} users` & append to last line of file 'users' \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
`wc -l \textless{} users` & get contents of file 'users' as standar input \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`command \textless{}\textless{} delimiter \{\{nl\}\} document \{\{nl\}\}delimiter` & a here document is used to redirect input into an interactive shell script or program \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 5)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
`command \textgreater{} /dev/null` & discard command output \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`command \textgreater{} /dev/null 2\textgreater{}\&1` & same as above but doesn't display errors. 2 represents STDERR and 1 represents STDOUT. \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 5)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
`echo message 1\textgreater{}\&2` & display a message on to STDERR by redirecting STDOUT into STDERR \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.89126 cm} x{3.08574 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Permissions}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{`chmod o+wx,u-x,g=rx testfile \{\{nl\}\}ls -l testfile \{\{nl\}\}-rw-r-xrwx  1 amrood   users 1024  Nov 2 00:10  testfile`} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
`chown userName filelist` & change ownership of filelist to userName \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Navigating file system}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`cat filename` & displays contents of filename \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
`cd dirname` & moves you to dirname directory \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`cp file1 file2` & copies 1 file/directiry to specified location \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
`file filename` & identifies the fie type(binary, tect, etc..) \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`find filename dir` & finds a file/directory \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
`head filename` & shows the begining of a file \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`less filename` & browses through a file from begining to end \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 3)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
`ls dirname` & shows contents of directory \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`mkdir dirname` & creates speicified directory \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
`more filename` & browses through a file from begining to end \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 3)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`mv file1 file2` & moves the location of or renames a file/directory \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 3)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
`pwd` & shows the current directory the users is in \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 3)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Navigating file system (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`rmdir dirname` & removes a a directory \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
`rm filename` & removes a file \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`tail filename` & shows the end of a file \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
`touch filename` & creates a blank file or modifies an existing file's attrbites \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 4)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`whereis filename` & shows the location of a file \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
`which filename` & shows the location of a file if it is in your path \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 3)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`df -k` & displays disk space sage in kilobytes \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{white}
`du dirname` or `du -h dirname` & show disk usage on particular directory \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`mount` & view what is currently mounted \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{white}
`mount -t fileSysType deviceToMount dir\_to\_mount\_to` & mount a filesystem (CD etc..) \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 3)
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`mount -t iso9660 /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom` & example of above command \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 2)
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{white}
`unmount mountPointOrDevice` & unmount a filesystem \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 2)
% Row 24
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`quota` & displays disk usage and limits for a user of group \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{`echo \$(find \$dir -type f -printf "\%f\textbackslash{}n") |tr " " "\textbackslash{}n"` \newline {\bf{What this does?}} \newline \textgreater{} display path of contents of dir \newline \textgreater{} select only content of type file -f \newline \textgreater{} print the result in the same line \newline \textgreater{} tr (translate) ' ' (space) into '\textbackslash{}n' line break}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}