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\author{tiffany-blues}
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  /Title (animal-breeding-reviewer.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (tiffany-blues)
  /Subject (Animal Breeding Reviewer Cheat Sheet)
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\noindent
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    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Animal Breeding Reviewer Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{tiffany-blues} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/149781/cs/32506/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}tiffany-blues \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/tiffany-blues} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 13th June, 2022.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Animal Genetics}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{study of principles of inheritance in animals} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Animal Breeding}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{application of principles of {\bf{animal genetics}} with the goal of improvement of animals} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.09848 cm} x{1.73926 cm} x{1.73926 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{3 AREAS IN THE STUDY AND APP'N OF ANIMAL GENETICS}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Mendelian Genetics}} & from {\bf{Gregor Johann Mendel}} (1822–1884), an Austrian monk, experimenting on common garden pea &  \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
 & 1865 – {\bf{Laws of Particulate Inheritance}} (dissertation) & describing the principles of transmission of genetic material from one generation to the next \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 7)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & 1900 – {\bf{rediscovery of Mendel's law}} & {\bf{Carl Correns}} (1864–1933), {\bf{Hugo de Vries}} (1948–1935), {\bf{Erich Tschermak}} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 6)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & 1901 – {\bf{William Bateson}} (1861–1926), British geneticist & produced the first evidence of inheritance with experiments with {\bf{chickens}} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 6)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 &  & coincidentally, provided the classical definition of {\bf{genetics}} as a field of study, i.e. as a science dealing with heredity and variation seeking to discover laws governing {\bf{similarities}} and {\bf{differences}} in individuals related by descent \tn 
% Row Count 43 (+ 17)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.09848 cm} x{1.73926 cm} x{1.73926 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{3 AREAS IN THE STUDY AND APP'N OF ANIMAL GENETICS (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 5
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 &  & leading promoter of {\bf{Mendelian genetics vs Biometricians (biological mathematicians)}} in the first two decades of the 20th century \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 9)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{white}
 &  & coined technical terms such as {\bf{homozygote, heterozygote, allelomorph}} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 5)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & 1906 – {\bf{Willhelm Johanssen}} (1857–1927), Danish botanist & introduced the terms {\bf{gene, genotype, and phenotype}} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 5)
% Row 8
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{\bf{Population Genetics}} & study of Mendelian genetics in populations of plants and animals &  \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 5)
% Row 9
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 & basic foundation: {\bf{Hardy-Weinberg Law}} & 1908 – {\bf{Godfrey Harold Hardy}} (1877–1947), English mathematician \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 5)
% Row 10
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 &  & {\bf{Willhelm Weinberg}} (1862–1937), German physician \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 4)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.09848 cm} x{1.73926 cm} x{1.73926 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{3 AREAS IN THE STUDY AND APP'N OF ANIMAL GENETICS (cont)}}  \tn
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 & usually limited to the inheritance of {\bf{qualitative}} characters which are influenced by {\bf{only a small number of (major) genes}} &  \tn 
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% Row 12
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 & study why \seqsplit{characteristics} become fixed or continue to exhibit variation in natural populations & importance: design of selection strategies to increase frequency of {\bf{desirable}} genes or examples: \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 7)
% Row 13
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 &  & Meishan pigs for prolificacy – around 12 offspring \tn 
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% Row 14
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 &  & dwarf gene in poultry \tn 
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% Row 15
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 &  & Booroola gene in sheep for multiple births \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 3)
% Row 16
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 &  & double muscling gene in Pietrain pigs and Belgian blue cattle \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 5)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.09848 cm} x{1.73926 cm} x{1.73926 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{3 AREAS IN THE STUDY AND APP'N OF ANIMAL GENETICS (cont)}}  \tn
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{\bf{Quantitative Genetics}} & conceptually the most difficult of the three areas &  \tn 
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% Row 18
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 & hypothesis: many genes contribute to expression of traits &  \tn 
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% Row 19
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 & effects of individual genes can seldom be seen or measured, e.g. milk yield, growth rate, litter size &  \tn 
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% Row 20
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 & complications due to random influence of the environment and other non-genetic factors mask the combined effects of many genes influencing the trait &  \tn 
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% Row 21
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & quantitative genetics is the most important of the three areas because: & response to selection for quantitative traits generally has much more potential monetary value than those for \seqsplit{simply-inherited} traits \tn 
% Row Count 34 (+ 9)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.09848 cm} x{1.73926 cm} x{1.73926 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{3 AREAS IN THE STUDY AND APP'N OF ANIMAL GENETICS (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 22
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 & {\bf{Ronald Aylmer Fisher}} (1890–1962), British statistician and geneticist, and {\bf{Sewall Green Wright}} (1889–1988), American geneticist & reconciled Mendelians and biometricians \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 10)
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Mendelian results: in terms of frequencies of genotypes and phenotypes &  \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 5)
% Row 24
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & biometricians results: in terms of correlations and regressions (before rediscover of Mendel's laws) & e.e. {\bf{Francis Galton}} (1822–1911), {\bf{Karl Pearson}} (1857–1936) \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 7)
% Row 25
\SetRowColor{white}
 &  & Fischer and Wright: demonstrated that Mendelian frequencies were the basis of biometrical correlations \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 7)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
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\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{HISTORY OF ANIMAL BREEDING}}  \tn
% Row 0
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started before recorded history with \seqsplit{domestication} of animals & some cases \seqsplit{accidental} &  &  \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
 & \seqsplit{intentional} selection for more friendly and tractable animals & dogs (12,000 years ago) &  \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 7)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
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% Row 3
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\seqsplit{foundation} for progress in selection for \seqsplit{quantitative} traits & record of \seqsplit{performance} (ROP) &  &  \tn 
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% Row 4
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 & reliable \seqsplit{identification} system &  &  \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{FATHER OF ANIMAL BREEDING}} & {\bf{Sir Robert Bakewell}} (18th century, \seqsplit{1725–1795)} & Shire horses, Old Longhorn cattle, Leicester sheep &  \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 6)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 &  & {\bf{"like begets like"}} – superior parents are more likely to produce superior progeny than are inferior parents & therefore, {\bf{"breed the best to the best!"}} \tn 
% Row Count 41 (+ 12)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{HISTORY OF ANIMAL BREEDING}}  \tn
% Row 0
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started before recorded history with \seqsplit{domestication} of animals & some cases \seqsplit{accidental} &  &  \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
 & \seqsplit{intentional} selection for more friendly and tractable animals & dogs (12,000 years ago) &  \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 7)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 0)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{foundation} for progress in selection for \seqsplit{quantitative} traits & record of \seqsplit{performance} (ROP) &  &  \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 6)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & reliable \seqsplit{identification} system &  &  \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{FATHER OF ANIMAL BREEDING}} & {\bf{Sir Robert Bakewell}} (18th century, \seqsplit{1725–1795)} & Shire horses, Old Longhorn cattle, Leicester sheep &  \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 6)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 &  & {\bf{"like begets like"}} – superior parents are more likely to produce superior progeny than are inferior parents & therefore, {\bf{"breed the best to the best!"}} \tn 
% Row Count 41 (+ 12)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}