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% Document Info
\author{thomas711}
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  /Title (dna-genes-and-gene-technology.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (thomas711)
  /Subject (DNA, Genes and Gene Technology Cheat Sheet)
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        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{DNA, Genes and Gene Technology Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{thomas711} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/27853/cs/8184/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}thomas711 \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/thomas711} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 12th May, 2016.\\
   Updated 12th May, 2016.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{multicols*}{2}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{What do genes look like?}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{What are the subunits of DNA?} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}DNA is made of four subunits, known as nucleotides. Each consists of a phosphate, a sugar, and a base. The three bases are: \{\{nl\}\} (A) Adenine - Pairs with T \{\{nl\}\} (T) Thymine - Pairs with A \{\{nl\}\} (G) Guanine - Pairs with C \{\{nl\}\} (C) Cytosine - Pairs with G \{\{nl\}\} Because A always bonds with T and G always bonds with C, one side of a DNA sequence is complementary to the other.} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 10)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{How does DNA replicate?} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}DNA replicates by splitting down the middle. Each original molecule is like a template. A complementary molecule forms along it.} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{What are Chargaff's rules?} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Erwin Chargaff found that the amount of adenine in DNA is equal to that of thymine, and the amount of guanine is equal to that of cytosine.} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Who was Rosalind Franklin?} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}In the lab of Maurice Wilkins, Rosalind Franklin created X-Ray images of DNA. These suggested that DNA had a spiral shape. James Watson and Francis Crick later used this research.} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 5)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Who are James Watson and Francis Crick?} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Watson and Crick built on the research of others and concluded that DNA resembles a double helix shape. Upon discovery of this, Crick is said to have exclaimed, "{\emph{We have discovered the secret of life!}} "} \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 6)
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{How DNA Works}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{How is DNA read?} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}DNA is read in one direction only, from one end to the other. Like a book \{\{fa-book\}\}.} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{What makes up the alphabet of DNA?} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}The alphabet of the code is made up of the four bases: {\bf{a}}denine, {\bf{t}}hymine, {\bf{g}}uanine, and {\bf{c}}ytosine. A, T, G, and C.} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 4)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{How does DNA tell how to make proteins?} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Groups of three bases code for specific amino acids. The amino acids form a chain to form a protein.} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 4)
% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Why are proteins significant?} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Proteins act as chemical messengers and help determine your traits, such as height. They are the reason for the multitude of shapes, sizes, colors, and textures found in living things.} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 5)
% Row 4
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{How are proteins made?} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}DNA is fed through a ribosome. Transfer molecules drop off amino acids at the ribosome. The amino acids join together to make a protein.} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 4)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{What are the types of mutation?} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Insertion: Extra base pair \{\{nl\}\} Deletion: Missing base pair \{\{nl\}\} Substitution: Base pair replaced with a different, wrong one.} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 4)
% Row 6
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{What is a mutagen?} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Anything that causes a mutation in DNA.} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 2)
% Row 7
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{What is a pedigree?} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}A chart used to trace a trait back through multiple generations.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{What is selective breeding?} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Organisms with desirable traits are mated to produce a new breed.} \tn 
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\vfill
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{How DNA Works (cont)}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{What is genetic engineering?} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Allows scientists to transfer genes from one organism to another.} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
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% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}