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%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}     % For underlining links
% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
\usepackage{amsmath}            % Symbols
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% Document Info
\author{TheyCallMeRy}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (biology-exam-4.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (TheyCallMeRy)
  /Subject (Biology Exam 4 Cheat Sheet)
}

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% Header and Footer
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\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
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    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
    }
\end{tabulary}
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Biology Exam 4 Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{TheyCallMeRy} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/30883/cs/10054/}}}
\end{tabulary}
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\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}TheyCallMeRy \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/theycallmery} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 8th December, 2016.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
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  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
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\begin{multicols*}{4}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{p{0.61794 cm} x{2.81506 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Where do RBC, WBC, and platelets come from?}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
RBC & bone marrow \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
WBC & bone marrow, (B cells: T Cells:thymus gland) \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Platelets} & bone marrow \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Flow of Blood}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Left Ventricle-\textgreater{}Pulmonary Artery-\textgreater{}Lung-\textgreater{}Capillaries-\textgreater{} Pulmonary Vein-\textgreater{}Left Atrium-\textgreater{}Left Ventricle-\textgreater{}Aorta-\textgreater{}Aorta Diverges-\textgreater{}Blood deliver to upper or lower party-\textgreater{}blood returns to the right atrium (upper:superior vena cava/lower:inferior vena cava)-\textgreater{}right Ventricle} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.51052 cm} x{1.92248 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{3 Kinds of Vessels}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Arteries & Arteroles \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Veins & -Venules \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Capillaries & Capillary Beds \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.23588 cm} x{2.19712 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Veins: bring blood {\bf{to}} the heart}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Pulmonary Vein & from {\emph{lungs}} {\bf{to}} {\emph{heart}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Superior Vena Cava & from {\emph{upper body}} {\bf{to}} {\emph{heart}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Inferior Vena Cave & from {\emph{lower body}} {\bf{to}} {\emph{heart}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.06423 cm} x{2.36877 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Arteries carry blood away from the heart}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Pulmonary Artery & away from the {\emph{heart}} to the {\emph{lungs}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Aorta & away from {\emph{heart}} to {\emph{body}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{0.92691 cm} x{2.50609 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Heart Beat}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Diastole & entire heart is relaxed \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Systole & Atria contract, ventricles contract \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Heart Rate & number of beats per minute \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Pumping & a series of contraction and relaxation of the heart muscle \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Cardiac Muscles & contract and relax {\bf{without}} stimulation from the nervous system (SA node/pace maker) \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Cardiac Output & volume of blood pumped by a ventricle per minute \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Heart Attack}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{damage or death of the cardiac muscle due to blockage of a coronary artery} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{p{0.61794 cm} x{2.81506 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Primary vs. Secondary Immune Response}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Primary} & occurs upon first exposure to an antigen, slower than the secondary immune response, produces effector cells and memory cells that may confer lifelong immunity \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{Secondary} & memory cells are activated by a second exposure to the same antigen, initiates a faster and stronger response \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 4)
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\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{p{0.51495 cm} x{2.91805 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Urea vs Ammonia}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Urea & (is from the breakdown of proteins) produced in the vertebrate liver by combining ammonia and carbon dioxide, less toxic, easier to store, highly soluble in water \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{Ammonia} & poisonous, to toxic to be store in the body, soluble in water, easily disposed of by aquatic animals, results from breakdown of amino acids from protein \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Fuctional unit of the Kidney}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{The nephron} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Trace Urine Through the Urinary System}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Glomerular capsule, PCT, descending limb of loop of Henle, ascending limb of loop of Henle, DCT, collecting tubule, papillary duct of renal papillae, minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, urethra} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Flow of Filtrate through the Nephron}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{glomerular capsule, Proximal Convoluted tubule (PCT), Loop of Henle, Distal Convoluted tubule (DCT), Collecting duct} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{p{0.75526 cm} x{2.67774 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Processes of the Nephron}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Filtration} & blood pressure forces water and many small molecules through a capillary wall into the start of the capsular space \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{Reabsortion} & refines the filtrate, reclaims valuable solutes (glucose, salt and amino acids) from filtrate, returns these to the blood, most reabsorption occurs in the PCT \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 6)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Secretion} & substances in the blood are transported into the filtrate. \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{Excretion} & the final product, urine, is excreted via the ureters, urinary bladder and urethra \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{APC}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{a foreign antigen (a nonself molecule) and one of the body's own self proteins, to a helper T Cel} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.51052 cm} x{1.92248 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{2 Divisions of the Nervous System}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
central nervous system (CNS) & which consists of the brain and the spinal cord \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
peripheral nervous system (PNS) & consists of nerves and small concentrations of gray matter called ganglia. \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Myelin}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{enclose axons, form cellular insulation, speed up signal transmition, is a lipoprotein, is white matter} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{0.92691 cm} x{2.50609 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Neurotransmitters}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Acetycholine} & in the brain and in the synapses between motor neurons and muscle cells \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Biogenic amines & important transmitters in the CNS and include serotonin and dopamine, which affect sleep, mood and attention \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Neuropeptides} & consist of relatively short chains of amino acids important in the CNS and include endorphins, decreasing our perception of pain \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 5)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Nitric Oxide & is a dissolved gas and triggers erections during sexual arousal in men \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{p{0.61794 cm} x{2.81506 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Axons vs Dendrites}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Axons & passes messages from the cell body to other neurons, muscles or glands \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{Dendrites} & receive messages from other cells \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.0299 cm} x{2.4031 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Parts of the brain}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
hypothalmus & (Cerebellum) controls pituitary and ANS, therefore controls homeostasis \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
thalmus & (Cerebellum) relay center for most senses deal with both emotions and most senses \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
medulla oblongata & (Brainstem) controls breathing, heart rate, \& swollowing \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
pons & (Brainstem) bridge between forebrain and cerebellum, controls breathing, many important nerves originate here \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 4)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
midbrain & (Brainstem) coordinates visual and auditory reflexes \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{0.85825 cm} x{2.57475 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Brain Lobes}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Frontal Lobe & (motor) helps plan movements \& involved with personality, control of emotions and expression of emotional behavior \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Temporal Lobe & Association center for {\bf{hearing}} and {\bf{smell}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Occiptal Lobe & Association centers for {\bf{vision}} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Parietal Lobe & Association area for {\bf{touch}} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{p{0.75526 cm} x{2.67774 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Axial vs Apendicular Skeleton}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Axial & skull, vertebrae, ribs \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{Apendicular} & shoulder and pelvic girdles, arms and legs \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.7165 cm} x{1.7165 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Anatomy of a Long Bone}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Fat-storing central cavity (Medullary Cavity) & contains yellow marrow (fat) \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Spongy bone & located at the ends of bones, contains red bone marrow, the site of blood cell production (WBC's, RBC's and platelets) \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 6)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{0.92691 cm} x{2.50609 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Joints}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
sutures & allow no movements (ex. skull and pelvis) \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{ball-and-socket} & allow for the greatest range of motion (ex. shoulder and hip) \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
hinge joint & uniaxle, allow for movement in one plane (ex. elbow and interphalangeal) \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
piviot & (ex. radioulnar \& atlantoaxial) \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{p{0.37763 cm} x{3.05537 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Thick vs Thin Filament}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Thick & made of myosin \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Thin & made of actin(mostly), troponin, tropomyosin binding sites on actin (at rest) \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.30454 cm} x{2.12846 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Calcium}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
What does it do? & initiates muscle contaction by moving regulatory proteins away from the actin binding sites \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Where is calcium stored? & endoplasmic reticulum \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.13289 cm} x{2.30011 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Anaerobic Metabolism vs Aerobic matabolism}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Anaerobic Metabolism & The amount of energy generated by anaerobic metabolism is less than one-tenth of what is produced by aerobic metabolism. \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Aerobic matabolism & provides most of the ATP used to power muscle movement during exercise \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Motor Unit}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{consists of a neuron, the set of muscle fibers it controls} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{p{0.75526 cm} x{2.67774 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Fast vs Slow Fibers}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Fast Fibers & high proportioned in fingers and eyes (white fibers) \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Slow Fibers & high proportion in postural muscles (red fibers) \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}